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Physics > Topic 5 > Flashcards

Topic 5 Flashcards

(49 cards)

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1
Q

What is a vector quantity

+ examples

A

Has a magnitude and a direction

Force ,velocity , displacement , acceleration

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2
Q

What is a scalar quantity

+examples

A

Has only magnitude no direction

Speed ,distance, mass , temperature , time

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3
Q

Examples of contact forces

A

Friction , air resistance , tension

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4
Q

Examples of non contact forces

A

Magnetic force , gravitational force , electrostatic force

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5
Q

What are gravity’s important effects

A

Gives everything a weight

Makes things fall toward the ground

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6
Q

What is weight

A

The force acting on an object due to gravity

Measure in newtons

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7
Q

What is a resultant force

A

The overall force acting on an object

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8
Q

What happens when a force moves an object through a distance

A

Work is done and energy is transferred

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9
Q

How to we draw a scale diagram of forces in equilibrium

A

The tip of the last force you draw should end at the tail of the first force you drew begins

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10
Q

What does the equation force = ke also work for

A

Compression - the extension is the difference between the natural and compressed lengths

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11
Q

What is the limit of proportionality

A

The Max force that a spring can take before extension is no longer directly proportional to force

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12
Q

Investigating springs practical

A
  1. Measure natural length of spring with ruler clamped to stand - take reading at eye level (add a marker eg tape) to the bottom of the spring to make it more accurate
  2. Add mass to spring and allow it to come to rest
  3. Record the mass and the new length of the spring - record the extension (change in length)
  4. Repeat until you have enough measurements (6+)
  5. Plot on a graph - it will curve when the limit of proportionality is exceeded
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13
Q

What is a moment

A

The turning effect of a force

To get the max moment you must push at right angles

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14
Q

What do levers do

A

Increase the distance form the pivot so less force is needed to get the same moment

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15
Q

Examples of levers

A

Long stick , wheelbarrow

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16
Q

What are gears

A

Circular disks with teeth that interlock with other gears.

They are used to transmit rotational force

Larger - bigger moment, slower
Smaller - smaller moment , faster

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17
Q

What is upthrust

A

The resultant force cause by different amounts of pressure acting on different parts of a submerged object

It is equal to the weight of fluid that has been displaced by an object

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18
Q

When/how does an object float

A

When upthrust = the objects weight

Whether or not an object will float depends on density

Less dense(than fluid) - floats
More dense (than fluid)- doesn’t

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19
Q

What is the atmosphere

A

A thin layer of air that surrounds the earth (thin compared to size of earth)

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20
Q

What is atmospheric pressure

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A

Created on a surface by air molecules colliding with the surface

21
Q

What happened to atmospheric pressure as height increases

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A

It decreases as the atmosphere become less dense so less air molecules can collide with surfaces

22
Q

Distance vs displacement

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A

Distance = how far an object moves

Displacement = distance and direction in a straight line from the starting point

23
Q

What are the everyday speeds In m/s

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A

Walking - 1.5
Running - 3
Cycling - 6
Car - 25
Train - 55
Plane - 250

24
Q

What is acceleration

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A

Change in velocity over a certain amount of time

25
What is the speed of sound and light in m/s
Sound - 330 Light - 300,000,000
26
What is the constant acceleration (uniform acceleration) of an object in free fall
9.8 m/s squared
27
What does the gradient of a velocity time graph give you
Acceleration
28
What does the area under a velocity time graph give you
The distance travelled
29
What do curves represent on a distance time graph
Acceleration and deceleration
30
What is friction drag and air resistance
Friction - acts in opposite direction to movement ,slows object down Drag - friction through a fluid Air resistance - type of drag but with air particles
31
Correlation between drag and speed
As speed increases drag increases
32
What happens to an object as it falls through a fluid
Quickly reaches a max speed (terminal velocity) due to gravity being greater than friction force Acceleration gradually reduces and object falls at steady speed
33
What does terminal velocity depend on
Air resistance
34
What is Newton’s first law
If the resultant force on a stationary object is zero the object will remain stationary. If the resultant force on a moving object is zero it’ll just carry on moving at the same velocity
35
Newton’s second law
States that acceleration is directly proportional to the resultant force
36
Newtown third law
When two objects interact the forces they produce are equal and opposite
37
What is inertia
An objects tendency to continue the same state of motion when acted on by a resultant force Inertial mass is calculated by f=ma (newtons second law)
38
Investigating motion practical - tests Newton’s second law
1.set up trolley that holds a piece of card that will interrupt the signal from a light gate. The light gate will measure the velocity 2. Connect the trolley to string that goes over a pulley and is connect to a hook with mass on 3.the weight of the hook will provide an acceleration force 4. Mark the starting line on the table the trolley is on 5. Place the trolley on the line and hold it in place - now hook masses onto the hook - let the hook hang so it is not loose and touching the table 6. Release the trolley and record the acceleration measure by the light gate 8. Repeat this twice to get an average acceleration
39
Varying mass and force - practical extension.
To investigate the effect of mass add masses to the trolley instead of the hook To investigate the effect of force add the masses from the trolley to the hook one at a time with each repetition of the experiment
40
How can Newton’s second law explain the results of the varying mass and force practical
By adding masses to the trolley the mass of the whole system increases but the force status the same By transferring masses from the trolley to the Hook the force increases but mass of the system doesn’t
41
What affects thinking distance
Speed , reaction time Tiredness , drugs , alcohol, distractions.
42
What affects braking distance
Speed, weather , tyre conditions , how good your brakes are
43
Reaction time practical
1. Sit with arm resting on edge of table - someone holds a ruler so it hangs between your thumb and forefinger 2. Ruler drop without warning - you must catch the ruler as fast as possible 3. Take a measurement at the point the ruler was caught 4. Repeat with the same person and calculate mean 5 a blob of clay can be used at bottom of ruler to stop it waving 6 use the same ruler and same person dropping it 7 factors of reaction time can be measure eg playing music as a distraction
44
How does braking work
When the brake pedal is pushed the brake pads press onto the wheels which causes friction. Kinetic -> thermal
45
What does speed affect in a car
Braking distance
46
What happens to momentum in a closed system
The total momentum before = total momentum after - momentum is conserved
47
How calculate the velocity of forces which interact with one another
Momentum for = momentum after As momentum = mass x velocity
48
If momentum large changes fast on a person what can occur
Injury
49
What can help reduce forces acting upon someone by momentum
Crumple zones Seatbelt Airbag Helmet Crash mat

Physics (5 decks)

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