Topic 5 - Health & Disease, 10

Question 1

What is a genetic disorder?

Answer 1

Disease caused by mutated alleles - passed from parent to offspring.

Question 2

What do we mean if a disease is caused by dominant allele(s)?

Answer 2

Only 1 dominant allele need to be inherited from a parent for the off to have the disease.

Question 3

What do we mean if a disease is caused by recessive alleles?

Answer 3

Recessive alleles needs to be inherited from both parents for the offspring to have the disease

Question 4

Body mass index ( BMI ) formula

Answer 4

BMI = mass / height^2

Question 4

Smoking and disease

Answer 4

1. Substances from tobacco smoke damage the artery lining.
2. Fat builds up in the artery wall at the site of damage, making the artery narrower.
3. A blood clot may block the artery here, or break off and block an artery in another part of the body - causing a heart attack or stroke.

Question 4

Treating cardiovascular disease

Answer 4

• a narrowed blood vessel can be widened by inserting a small mesh tube ( stent ) at the narrowest part to hold it open. Blocked arteries in the heart can be bypassed by inserting other blood vessels so that the heart tissue is supplied with oxygen and nutrients again. Patients who have these operations may have to take medicines for the rest of their lives to help prevent a heart attack or stroke.

1. New blood vessels inserted to bypass blocked vessels.
2. Area where blood vessels supplying heart muscle are blocked.

Question 5

Pathogens

Answer 5

Pathogens: microorganisms that can spread disease.

Question 6

4 main pathogens that cause disease:

Answer 6

1. Bacteria
2. Viruses
3. Fungi
4. Protists

Question 7

Spreading Disease, Droplet Infection

Answer 7

Coughs and sneezes e.g. flu, TB and the common cold

Question 8

Spreading Disease, Direct Contact

Answer 8

When the pathogen comes into direct contact with the skin e.g. STI’s.

Question 9

Spreading Disease, Food and Drink

Answer 9

Raw or undercooked food and water containing sewage e.g. salmonella.

Question 10

Spreading Disease, Breaks in the Skin

Answer 10

Enter through a break in skin or needle punctures e.g. Hepatitis, HIV and Tetanus.

Question 11

Name 4 methods pathogens can get into your body

Answer 11

1. Through a break in your skin.
   - breaking your skin through cuts,scratches and needle punctures.
2. Director contact.
   - sexual contact.
3. Droplet infection
   -other people sneeze.
4. Contaminated food and drink.
   - unwashed food.