Topic 5: Skill in Sports (5.3)

Question 1

Learning

Answer 1

A lasting behavior change from learning and practice, not growing up or aging

Question 2

Performance

Answer 2

• temporary occurrence, fluctuating over time
• a change in performance over time is often used to infer learning

Question 3

Cognitive/Verbal (early phase)

Answer 3

• Performance is inconsistent with 20-30% success rate
• Full attention required to perform skill
• Relies on coach/video for guidance
• Learning through trial and error
• Needs external feedback for correct execution

Question 4

Associative/Motor (intermediate phase)

Answer 4

• Performance becoming more consistent (50-70% success rate)
• Motor programs developing
• Simple elements are fluent
• Complex parts still need attention
• Developing kinaesthetic feedback
• Beginning self-error detection

Question 5

Autonomous (final phase)

Answer 5

• Performance is consistent, fluid and aesthetic
• 90% success rate
• Motor programs well established in long-term memory
• Spare attention for tactics/opponents
• Regular practice needed to maintain skill level

Question 6

5.3.3. Outline the different types of learning curves

Answer 6

Question 7

5.3.4. Discuss factors that contribute to the different rates of learning

Answer 7

• Physical maturation
• Physical fitness
• Individual differences of coaches
• Age
• Difficulty of task
• Teaching environment
• Motivation

Question 8

5.3.5. Define the concept of transfer

Answer 8

• Transfer: How learning one skill affects learning/performing another skill
• Proactive transfer: Previous skill affects new skill
• Retroactive transfer: New skill affects previously learned skill

Question 9

skill to skill

Answer 9

one skill to the next

Question 10

practice to performance

Answer 10

training to in game situation

Question 11

abilities to skills

Answer 11

how natural abilities inform acquisition of skill

Question 12

bilateral

Answer 12

from one limb to another

Question 13

stage to stage

Answer 13

from cognitive to associative, associative to autonomous

Question 14

principles to skills

Answer 14

from theories to skills

Question 15

Distributed

Answer 15

practice sessions have rest intervals included

Question 16

massed

Answer 16

learners practice continuously without breaks or rest intervals

Question 17

fixed (drill)

Answer 17

the environment in which the skill is practiced remains constant

Question 18

variable

Answer 18

the environment in which the skills are practiced is constantly changing

Question 19

mental

Answer 19

performer goes through the movement in their mind without any movement occurring.

Question 20

whole

Answer 20

the skill is first demonstrated and then practiced as a whole, from start to finish

Question 21

whole part whole

Answer 21

• Skill demonstrated and practiced as whole
• Broken down to address problem areas
• Parts practiced separately until mastered
• Components reintegrated into complete skill

Question 22

part

Answer 22

the parts of the skills are practiced in isolation

Question 23

progressive part

Answer 23

• Individual parts practiced separately in sequence
• Each part mastered before moving to next
• Parts gradually linked together
• Components combined into complete skill

Question 24

5.3.7. Outline the different types of practice

Answer 24

• distributed
• massed
• fixed (drill)
• variable
• mental

Question 25

5.3.8. Explain the different types of presentation

Answer 25

* whole * whole part whole * part * progressive part

Question 26

5.3.9. Outline the spectrum of teaching styles

Answer 26

* command * reciprocal * problem solving

Question 27

Command

Answer 27

* Teacher is the exclusive decision maker * Teacher determine what to do, how to do, and level of achievement expected

Question 28

Problem Solving

Answer 28

* Present movement challenge that has certain guidelines * Guidelines may be - limitation of space, movement, directions * Objective - for students to find as many solution as possible

Question 29

Reciprocal

Answer 29

* Promotes social development bc ppl work in pairs * One partner perform skill and the other give feedback * Athelete often use checklist to assist in providing feedback