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Criminology > Topic 5 social policy > Flashcards

Topic 5 social policy Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

what are the 3 biological theories linked to policy

A

diet, eugenics and death penalty

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2
Q

what can influence neurochemical process and behaviour

A

alcohol drugs and medical conditions

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3
Q

what is the function of serotonin

A

its a neurotransmitter and chemical that impacts almost every part of you body and is seen as a natural mood stabilizer

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4
Q

what has low serotonin been suggested as the biological basis for

A

impulsive behaviour patterns

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5
Q

what foods are high in serotonin

A

salmon cheese turkey tofu nuts

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6
Q

how can crime be controlled with use of diet

A

give high serotonin food to criminals to stabilise the behaviour

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7
Q

what biological theory is diet linked to and why

A

linked to xyy theory
males with an extra y chromosome are seen as more aggressive
we cant control how they behave but we can try to manage the behaviour by giving them high serotonin food

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8
Q

is diet an effective policy

A

virkkunen et al found offenders had a lower than average serotonin turnover which can be treated with high serotonin foods
schoenthaler found that sugar diet reduced anti social behaviour by 48%

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9
Q

what is eugenics

A

a science that tries to improve the human race by controlling which people become parents
all about higher rates of reproduction with desirable characteristics

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10
Q

how can crime be controlled through eugenics

A

used to prevent a future generation of criminals

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11
Q

what biological theory is eugenics linked to

A

Lombroso and the criminal man as it provided scientific bias of attempts to control crime in society

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12
Q

what is evidence for eugenics being able to control crime

A

osborne and west conducted a study between relationship of fathers crimimal behaviours and their sons likelihood of enganging in criminal activities
40% of sons with criminal fathers had criminal records
13% sons without criminal fathers had criminal records

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13
Q

what is the death penalty

A

punishment by execution

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14
Q

what are some countries that still use the death penalty

A

china USA and saudi arabia

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15
Q

what offences do you have to commit in the US for the death penalty

A

genocide
first degree murder
treason

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16
Q

how can crime be controlled through the death penalty

A

removes people who commit the most serious crime and acts as a deterrent and prevents other people from committing similar crimes

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17
Q

what biological theory is influenced by the death penalty

A

believed some people are biologically different
incurbale criminals would be removed by death pen
theory supports punishment over rehab
LOMBROSSO

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18
Q

is the death pen effective

A

not a deterrent
no evidence that its more effective in reducing crime than life in prison

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19
Q

what are the 4 individualistic theories linked to policy

A

psychoanalysis
token economy
buddy system
anger management

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20
Q

what is psychoanalysis

A

a therapy by Freud that delves into the conscious and unconscious mind and make you conscious of the id ego and superego

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21
Q

what is dream analysis

A

Freud believes all dreams are significant and with good analysis can give us good clues of contents of unconscious mind

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22
Q

what is free association

A

patients sit on a couch comfortably and speak thoughts outloud
repressed memories tend to come out

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23
Q

what is fruedian slip

A

when a person uses one word but means another Freud analysed words can uncover unconscious mind thoughts

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24
Q

how can crime be controlled through psychoanalysis

A

through therapy that explores unconscious mind

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25
what individualistic theory links to psychoanalysis
freud and the unconscious mind both try to uncover root causes of crime from unconscious mind
26
what are the 5 sociological policies linking to sociological theories
penal populism prison zero tolerance CCTV restorative justice
27
what is penal populism
when government propose laws that punish offenders which they think is popular with the general public
28
how many people are in uk prisons now and how many are estimated to be in the future
now - 88000 future - 100800
29
what theory is linked to penal populism
right realism as they believe people commit crime when benefit outweighs the risk tougher sentences would deter offenders
30
how many people re offend after prison sentences within a year
35%
31
what are the aims of imprisonment
punish offenders, deter future crime and protect the public
32
how much does it cost to keep an offender in prison per year
£56987
33
what are concurrent sentences
setting multiple prison sentences for different crimes at same times
34
what are consecutive sentences
prisoner will serve sentences one after the other
35
what are suspended sentences
prisoner does not go to prison immediately and given chance to stay out of trouble
36
what are determinate(fixed term) sentences
a prison sentence with a fixed end date
37
what are intermediate sentences
type of sentence with no release date but sets a minimum term that must be served before release is considered
38
what sociological theory does prisons link to
functionalism as prisons can be used to reinforce social norms as punishment creates social solidarity
39
are prisons effective
yes as future offenders can be put off committing crime due to conditions of prison however it is very expensive to keep offenders in prison
40
what is zero tolerance
refers to policies that do not allow violations of rules of law means offender will be punished harshly for any crime even if its minor
41
what theory is zero tolerance linked to
right realism as it believes individuals choose to commit crime so consequences must be serious
42
is zero tolerance effective and has it reduced crime rates
zero tolerance has resulted in no crime rates going down
43
what is CCTV
closed crime circuit television which is often used by businesses to deter and prevent criminal behaviour and can be reviewed by criminal justice agencies to help identify offenders
44
how can CCTV control crime
can be a deterrent as people are less likely to commit crime if they are being watched and can be caught
45
what theory does CCTV link to
right realism as supports CCTV as a form of target hardening
46
is CCTV effective
only works in places that are covered in cameras and offenders can cover faces
47
what is restorative justice
brings those harmed by crime or conflict and those responsible for crime into communication to find a way forward repairing the harm
48
is restorative justice effective
reduces re offending as offenders are less likely to commit crime if they see the emotional impact
49
what theory does restorative justice link to
left realism as it focuses on supporting victims and reducing re offending must tackle social causes of crime and impact on victims
50
are prisons effective
yes as it can deter offenders from committing crime
51
is penal populism effective
yes because it shows consequences to other potential offenders however deterence only works if people think they will be caught
52
what are the campaign examples for newspaper campaigns
sarahs law year and a day rule
53
what are the campaign examples for individual campaigns
Clares law double jeoprady
54
what are the campaign examples for pressure group campaigns
protection against stalking british lung founadtion
55
what did Sarah's law campaign lead to
the disclosure of sex offender scheme
56
what did justice for Michael lead to
1996 law reform act (Year and one day rule)
57
what did clares law lead to
2014 domestic violence disclosure scheme
58
what did the ann mings double jeoprady lead to
criminal justice act 2003
59
what did the protection against stalking lead to
protection of freedoms act 2012
60
what did the british lung foundation lead to
children and families act 2014
61
What are the 4 social changes
Changes to norms values and mores Changes to public perception of crime Cultural change Demographic changesc
62
What is the examples linking to change in norms values and mores
Drink driving law and policy 1967 breathalyser introduced 1966 80 mg of alcohol found in 100 mg of blood is offences-road safety bill
63
What is the examples linked to public perception of crime
Smoking used to be more accepted People realised danger which led to smoking ban 2007 which made it illegal to smoke indoors and illegal to smoke with someone younger than 18 in car
64
What are the examples for cultural changes
Society has become more diverse and accepting of homosexuality Homosexuality legalised in 1967 sexual offences act
65
What are examples for demographics changes
Demographics are everywhere in UK and in society Race relations act 1965 made it a crime to discriminate in public spaces

Criminology (5 decks)

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