Topic 6

Question 1

What happened on 14 May 1897?

Answer 1

Emilio Aguinaldo retreats to Biak-na-Bato, Bulacan.

Question 2

What was promulgated on 1 November 1897?

Answer 2

The Constitution of Biak-na-Bato, emphasizing separation from Spain.

Question 3

What occurred on 14 December 1897?

Answer 3

The Pact of Biak-na-Bato is signed; Spain offers money and promises reforms in exchange for rebel surrender.

Question 4

What happened on 29 December 1897?

Answer 4

Aguinaldo leaves for Hong Kong.

Question 5

What occurred between 31 December 1897 and 2 January 1898?

Answer 5

Funds from the pact are deposited in Hong Kong under ‘Aguinaldo and Company.’

Question 6

What significant event took place on 15 February 1898?

Answer 6

USS Maine explodes in Cuba.

Question 7

When did the U.S. declare war on Spain?

Answer 7

25 April 1898.

Question 8

What happened on 1 May 1898?

Answer 8

Commodore Dewey defeats the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay.

Question 9

What did Aguinaldo do between 19–21 May 1898?

Answer 9

Aguinaldo returns to the Philippines, calls for a general uprising.

Question 10

What significant declaration was made on 12 June 1898?

Answer 10

Declaration of Philippine Independence in Kawit, Cavite.

Question 11

What occurred on 23 June 1898?

Answer 11

Revolutionary government replaces Aguinaldo’s dictatorship.

Question 12

When did the first American troops land in Cavite?

Answer 12

30 June 1898.

Question 13

What happened on 13 August 1898?

Answer 13

Mock Battle of Manila; Americans capture the city, sidelining Filipino forces.

Question 14

What was convened on 15 September 1898?

Answer 14

Malolos Congress convenes to draft a constitution.

Question 15

What was signed on 8 December 1898?

Answer 15

Treaty of Paris signed, Spain cedes the Philippines to the U.S.

Question 16

What happened on 23 January 1899?

Answer 16

Malolos Constitution promulgated; First Philippine Republic established.

Question 17

When did the Philippine-American War begin?

Answer 17

4 February 1899 with the Battle of Manila.

Question 18

What occurred on 5 February 1899?

Answer 18

Americans break Filipino lines; heavy casualties on both sides.

Question 19

What happened on 31 March 1899?

Answer 19

Malolos falls to American forces.

Question 20

What strategy did Filipinos resort to in late 1899?

Answer 20

Filipinos resort to guerrilla warfare after conventional defeat.

Question 21

What did U.S. Congress approve on 2 March 1903?

Answer 21

U.S. Congress approves Philippine peso.

Question 22

What did the Taft Commission implement in 1900?

Answer 22

Taft Commission implements civil governance.

Question 23

What happened on 19 April 1901?

Answer 23

Aguinaldo captured in Palanan, ending major organized resistance.

Question 24

What began in 1902?

Answer 24

Philippine labor movement begins; Aglipayan Church formally breaks from Rome.

Question 25

What occurred between 1903 and 1907?

Answer 25

Educational reforms, reconcentration, and Flag Law suppress revolutionary symbols.

Question 26

What happened between 1909 and 1913?

Answer 26

Economic integration with the U.S.; agricultural exports rise dramatically.

Question 27

What was established in 1916?

Answer 27

Philippine National Bank established.

Question 28

What legal battles occurred between 1902 and 1903?

Answer 28

Legal battles between Aglipayan Church and Roman Catholic Church over church properties. ## Footnote Supreme Court eventually rules in favor of the Catholic Church.