Topic 6- Groups of the periodic table Flashcards
(19 cards)
Name 5 of the Group 1 Alkali metals
Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Rubidium, Caesium, francium
What are the physical properties of alkali metals?
Low melting and boiling points
Very soft
They form ionic compounds. This is because they lose their outermost electron so easily that they are not able to share it
Why are group 1 metals so reactive?
They only have one electron in their outer shell so they easily lose it
What is the trend in reactivity as you move down group 1 and why?
As you go down group 1 , the alkali metals get more reactive. The outer electron is more easily lost because it’s further away from the nucleus- so it’s less attracted to the nucleus and less energy is needed to remove it
What happens when alkali metals are put in water?
They react vigorously
What is the reaction when an alkali metal is put in water?
Hydrogen gas and a hydroxide are produced
What is the trend as you move down group 1 in terms of reactivity with water and why?
It increases as you move down the group because the outer electron is lost more easily
What colour is chorine at room temperature?
A green gas
What colour is bromine at room temperature?
Red-brown liquid that gives off an orange vapour
What colour is iodine at room temperature?
Dark grey crystalline solid which gives off a purple vapour
How do you test for chlorine?
Hold damp blue litmus paper which turns white if chlorine is present
Name 4 of the group 7 halogens
Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine
What are the properties of Group 7 halogens?
They all have 7 electrons in the outer shell
They all exist as diatomic molecules. Sharing one pair of electrons in a covalent bond
Halogens react vigorously with metals and hydrogen
What is the trend of reactivity for group 7 halogens and why?
Reactivity decreases as you move down group 7
It gets harder to attract the extra electron to fill the outer shell when its further away from the nucleus
What are the properties of hydrogen halides?
Soluble
Can dissolve in water to form acidic solutions
Name 7 of the group 0 elements
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon
What are the properties of Group 0 elements
Colourless gases at room temp
All monatomic
More or less inert
Non flammable
Difficult to observe
Why are group 0 noble gases inert?
Because they have a full outer shell of electrons; they don’t need to give up or gain any electrons
What are some uses for group 0 gases?
Argon is used in filament lamps because it is non-flammable
Argon and Helium protect metals that are being welded by stopping the hot metal reacting with oxygen
Helium is used in airships and party balloons as it has a lower density than air so it floats
