Topic 6 Organic Chem

Question 2

What are the conditions and reactions for halogenoalkanes reacting with NaOH to form alcohols

Answer 2

NaOH/KOH which is aqueous under reflux
Heat
This is a nucleoiphillic substitution reaction
Also water I think

Question 3

Conditions when cyanide ions react with halogenoalkanes

Answer 3

Reagent:aqueous alcoholic KCN or NaCN
Conditions:Reflux in aqueous alcoholic solution
Ethanolic
Product:Nitriles
This is nucleophilic substitution

Question 4

Conditions when halogenoalkanes react with ammonia

Answer 4

EXCESS aqueous alcoholic ammonia
Conditions:
Reflux in aqueous alcoholic solution under pressure or a sealed tube
Nucleophile:NH3
Product:amine
Nucleophillic substitution

Question 5

During an ammonia nucleophilic substitution does ammonium donate electrons to central Nitrogen or hydrogen in the 2nd step

Answer 5

Hydrogen as they are positively charged
Not positive nitrogen because it has a negative dipole

Question 6

Explain the 2 step mechanism of NS with ammonia

Answer 6

NH3 forms a bond with carbon and the C-X bond breaks
ANOTHER NH3 forms a bond with Hydrogen and the N-H bond breaks