Topic 6 - Plant structures & their functions

Question 1

Why is photosynthesis needed?

Answer 1

For the growth of plants

Question 2

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Answer 2

In the chloroplasts of the leaves

Question 3

What do chloroplasts contain?

Answer 3

Chlorophyll

Question 4

What does the chlorophyll do?

Answer 4

Absorbs the light energy needed for photosynthesis

Question 5

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide + Water — (light) —-.> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 6

What is the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis?

Answer 6

6CO2 + 6H20 —(light)—> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 7

What is the symbol for glucose?

Answer 7

C6H12O6

Question 7

What is the reaction for photosynthesis known as?

Answer 7

An Endothermic reaction

Question 8

Why is photosynthesis an Endothermic reaction?

Answer 8

It uses energy that is taken from the surroundings

Question 9

What are the 5 things that the plant needs glucose for?

Answer 9

1. Amino Acids
2. LIpids (Oils and Fats)
3. Cellular respiration
4. Cellulose
5. Starch

Question 10

Glucose is needed to make amino acids
What do the amino acids in plants used for?

Answer 10

To make proteins

Question 11

Glucose is needed for Lipids (oils & fats)
What do the Lipids do for the plant?

Answer 11

They are stored as a future energy source (seeds)

Question 12

Glucose is needed for Cellular Respiration
What does the cellular respiration do?

Answer 12

Breaks the glucose to release energy

Question 13

Glucose is needed to make Cellulose
What does the Cellulose do for the plant?

Answer 13

Cellulose is made up of glucose and is a carb used to strengthen cell walls

Question 14

Glucose is needed to make starch
What is the starch used for?

Answer 14

The starch is a carb used for long term storage

Question 15

Why is starch good for long term storage in the plant?

Answer 15

It is compact and insoluble and can be easily broken down when needed

Question 16

What can damage chloroplasts so they cant make chlorophyll?

Answer 16

Disease
Environmental stress
Lack of Nutrients (H20)

Question 17

What are the 3 factors affecting the Rate of Photosynthesis?

Answer 17

1. Temp
2. CO2 Concentration
3. Light intensity

Question 18

What is the affect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 18

Increasing light intensity increases the rate of photosynthesis until the graph plateaus because it is no longer a limiting factor

Question 19

What is the affect of CO2 conc on the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 19

Increasing CO2 conc increases the rate of photosynthesis until the graph plateaus because it is no longer a limiting factor

Question 20

What is the affect of temp on the rate of photosynthesis? (3 marks)

Answer 20

As the temp increases the rate of photosynthesis also increases as the particles have more energy and collide more frequently (1)
Until the temp reaches optimum which is the highest point (1)
After the temp is past optimum the enzyme changes shape and can no longer bind to the substrate because it has denatured (1)

Question 21

What are the 5 ways farmers can maximise the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 21

1. Greenhouses
2. Artificial light
3. Pump CO2
4. Fertilisers
5. Pesticides

Question 22

How do greenhouses increase the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 22

Trap suns heat to increase the temp

Question 23

How does artificial light increase the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 23

So photosynthesis can continue in the dark/at night

Question 24

How does pumping CO2 increase the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 24

Using a paraffin heater which releases heat and CO2

Question 25

How do fertilisers increase the rate of photosynthesis?

Answer 25

They provide enough minerals

Question 26

How can farmers use pesticides to help their plants?

Answer 26

To kill and bugs that eat the plant

Question 27

What are the 7 plant tissues?

Answer 27

1. Lower epidermis 2. Spongy mesophyll 3. Palisade mesophyll 4. Upper epidermis 5. Xylem tissue 6. Phloem tissue 7. Meristem tissue

Question 28

What does the Lower epidermis do?

Answer 28

Contains stomata for the CO2 to enter

Question 29

What does the Spongy mesophyll do? (what are the adaptions)

Answer 29

Has air spaces to provide a large SA for cells to exchange gases with the air (CO2 can go through)

Question 30

What are the adaptions of the Palisade mesophyll tissue?

Answer 30

Where most of photosynthesis happens as it contains many chloroplasts which contain chlorophyll needed to absorb the light energy needed for photosynthesis.

Question 31

What are the adaptations of the Upper epidermis tissue?

Answer 31

Transparent to allow light to pass through Reduces water loss from the leaf

Question 32

What does the Xylem tissue do?

Answer 32

Brings water into the leaf

Question 33

What does the Phloem tissue do?

Answer 33

Transports products of photosynthesis

Question 34

Where is the Meristem tissue found?

Answer 34

At the tips of the roots and shoots

Question 35

What are Meristem tissues?

Answer 35

Stem Cells