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Biology A2 Unit 1 - Physiology, Coordination And Control, And Ecosytems > Topic 6 - Populations And Communities > Flashcards

Topic 6 - Populations And Communities Flashcards

1
Q

What is a population

A

A group of organisms of the same species living in a particular area

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2
Q

What are the 4 distinct phases of Population growth

A

Lag phase
Exponential phase
Stationary phase
Decline phase

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3
Q

What is the Lag Phase in population growth

A

This is a strange when nutrient assimilation takes place involving the bacteria activating genes and producing the appropriate enzymes to metabolise a particular food substrate

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4
Q

What is the exponential phase in population growth

A

This is when there is no restriction of growth and bacteria divides exponentially

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5
Q

What is the stationary phase in population growth

A

This is the stage when food supplies may begin to become limiting so the number of new individuals produced falls

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6
Q

What is the decline phase in population growth

A

This is when the death rate exceeds the birth rate and the population declines, possibly due to accumulation of waste or nutrient supply running out

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7
Q

What is the biotic potential

A

The maximum rate of growth as seen in the exponential phase

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8
Q

What is environmental resistance

A

The restriction by the environment on the population reaching its maximum growth rate and its biotic potential

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9
Q

What are abiotic factors

A

Factors in the chemical or physical environment and are losselt referred to as non-living

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10
Q

What are biotic factors

A

The effects of other organisms whether the same or other species

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11
Q

What is the carrying capacity

A

The maximum number of a population that the ecosystem can support

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12
Q

What are renewable resources

A

The nutrients that were there at the start of the investigation were not replaced

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13
Q

What is intraspecific competition

A

Competition between members of the same species

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14
Q

What is interspecific competition

A

Competition between members of a different species

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15
Q

What are some commons features of a predator-prey graph

A

The predators peaks and troughs lag behind the preys peaks and troughs
The length of the predator cycle is usually similar to the length of the prey cycle
The number of predators is normally significantly lower than the number of prey individuals

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16
Q

What are r-selected species

A

Opportunistic Individuals or groups that tend to grow very quickly and increase in population when conditions are ideal

17
Q

What are k-selected species

A

Stable populations and the population size usually remains at or close to the carrying capacity of the species

18
Q

What are some features of an r-selected species

A

Small body size
Short lived
Reproduce rapidly
Little parental care
Population size variable
Low competitive ability
Not specialised
Inhabit unstable habitats

19
Q

What are some features of K-selected species

A

Large body size
Long life cycle
Few offspring
Large amount of parental care
Low dispersal ability
High competitive ability
Highly specialised
Occur in stable habitats

20
Q

What is a parasite

A

An organism that lives in or on another organism benefiting from jr and causing it harm over an extended period of time

21
Q

How do Parasites differ from predators

A

The parasite lives in or on the host
The parasite causes harm to the host over an extended period of time
The parasite is usually smaller than the host
The parasite seldom kills the host

22
Q

What is mutualism, and give an example

A

The interaction where both partners benefits, Lichens between Fungi and green algae

23
Q

What is a pest species

A

A species that damages a valuable/ commercial crop species, causing economic damage

24
Q

What does biological control involve

A

Deliberately introducing an organism that will target and cause harm to a pest

25
Q

What are some advantages of effective biological control processes

A

There is no chemical damage to the environment, reducing bioaccumulation
Biological control targets only the pest species
The develop,end of resistance by the pests is unlikely
Pest resistance is unlikely
Biological control needs little additional action and saves money on the continuing use of pesticides

26
Q

What are some disadvantages of effective biological control processes

A

The pest is unlikely to be totally eliminated, which could cause a pest resurgence
It will only work well if the control species can adapt well to the ecosystem
The introduced species may outcompete native species

27
Q

What is a community

A

The sum total of all populations in a particular area

28
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

The community plus its physical environment

29
Q

What is succession

A

The term used to describe the changes over time in ecosystems

30
Q

when does primary succession occur

A

On newly formed, barren substrates that have not been previously colonised

31
Q

What is the first stage of primary succession

A

The appearance of colonising pioneer species

32
Q

What increases and decreases and succession develops

A

Soil depth ,soil fertility and plant biomass increases
Plant diversity initially increases but tends to decrease towards the end

33
Q

What is the climax community

A

The stable end of a succession which is in equilibrium with the environment

34
Q

What is the second stage of succession

A

Mosses grow in thin soils that develop in rock crevices

35
Q

What is the third stage of succession

A

Plants grow deeper in the soil formed by decomposition of earlier pioneer species

36
Q

What is the fourth stage of succession

A

Shrubs and small trees develop in deeper soil. Diversity is high as trees do not form a compete canopy

37
Q

What is the final stage of succession

A

Soil depth reaches maximum and larger trees begin to outcompete the smaller trees. Diversity drops as few species can survive

38
Q

What are some common features of primary succession

A

They are predictable in pattern
The abiotic environment becomes less hostile
The height and biomass of vegetation increases
Communities become increasing complex
Communities in later stages of the succession are usually more stable than in earlier seres

Biology A2 Unit 1 - Physiology, Coordination And Control, And Ecosytems (9 decks)

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