topic 6 respiratory

Question 1

what classification is diphenhydramine?

Answer 1

antihistamine

Question 2

indications for diphenhydramine

Answer 2

allergic rhinitis, motion sickness, sleep aid, seasonal allergies

Question 3

contraindications of diphenhydramine

Answer 3

anything that amplifies anticholinergic effects:
- asthma
- COPD
- glaucoma

Question 3

MOA of diphenhydramine

Answer 3

antagonizes antihistamine effects by binding at H1 receptor sites

Question 4

drug interactions w/ diphenhydramine

Answer 4

no MAOIs
increased CNS depression w alc, opiods, hypnotics

Question 5

side effects of diphenhydramine

Answer 5

anticholinergic effects: urinary retention, dry mouth, bad vision
- hypotension
- PHOTOSENSITIVITY

Question 6

onset of diphenhydramine

Answer 6

15 min PO
IV immediate

Question 7

patient teaching for diphenhydramine

Answer 7

no driving, drinking, wear sunscreen, no sports after taking

Question 8

CAM considerations for diphenhydramine

Answer 8

valerian and kava kava (increase sedation)

Question 9

what class is dextromethorphan

Answer 9

antitussive
(non narcotic OTC)

Question 10

MOA of dextromethorphan

Answer 10

depresses the urge to cough in medulla

Question 11

use of dextromethorphan

Answer 11

for temporary relief of cough frequency for non-productive cough

Question 12

onset and duration of dextromethorphan

Answer 12

onset 15-50 min after PO
lasts 3-6 hours

Question 13

pt education for dextromethorphan

Answer 13

increase fluids to decrease thickness of secretions

Question 14

side effects of dextromethorphan

Answer 14

dizziness, fatigue, GI distress, constipation, low BP

Question 15

what is COPD

Answer 15

airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues

Question 16

what is restrictive lung disease?

Answer 16

a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung

Question 17

what class is albuterol

Answer 17

beta2 adrenergic agonist

Question 18

what is albuterol used for

Answer 18

asthma, bronchospasms, can be prophylacically

Question 19

MOA of albuterol

Answer 19

stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation

Question 20

contraindications of albuterol

Answer 20

milk protein hypersensitivity

Question 21

labs to draw for albuterol

Answer 21

potassium level, blood glucose

Question 22

adverse reactions of albuterol

Answer 22

HYPOKALEMIA
in high doses: tachycardia, palpations, tremors, headache

Question 23

side effects of albuterol

Answer 23

muscle cramps, tremors, CNS effects

Question 24

what class is tiotropium (Spiriva)

Answer 24

anticholinergic (aka adrenergic effects)

Question 25

use of tiotropium (Spiriva)

Answer 25

long term maintenance of asthma and COPD

Question 26

MOA of tiotropium (Spiriva)

Answer 26

dilates bronchi relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi

Question 27

when to be cautious with tiotropium (Spiriva)

Answer 27

lactose intolerance glaucoma renal impairment breastfeeding older adults cardiac dysrythmias

Question 28

drug interactions tiotropium (Spiriva)

Answer 28

decreased actions with parasympathomimetics

Question 29

pt education with tiotropium (Spiriva)

Answer 29

discard capsules immediately, wash HandiHaler

Question 30

side effects of tiotropium (Spiriva)

Answer 30

hyperglycemia parasympathetic resposes: insomnia, dizziness, cough, dry mouth, urinary retention

Question 31

what class is montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 31

Bronchodilator: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist

Question 32

MOA of montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 32

binds w leukotriene receptors to inhibit muscle contraction and bronchoconstriction--- leading to relaxing the muscles and bronchodilation

Question 33

use of montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 33

prophylactically for exercise induced bronchospasms allergic rhinitis and asthma

Question 34

interactions with montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 34

aspirin and NSAIDs, clopidrigel no alcohol, contraindicated for liver

Question 35

CAM considerations for montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 35

no St. Johns Wort (decrease concentration)

Question 36

labs to test for montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 36

ALT and AST.. can elevate liver enzymes

Question 37

client education for montelukast (Singulair)

Answer 37

take 2 hours before exercise

Question 38

purpose of echinacea

Answer 38

to decrease cold symptoms and recovery time when taken early

Question 39

what is echinacea commonly used for

Answer 39

- stimulating the immune system, antisepsis - treatment of viral infections, influenza - promotion of wound healing

Question 40

adverse effects of echinacea

Answer 40

GI upset, dizzy, headache, dermatitis, bad taste

Question 41

what is cinnamon commonly used for

Answer 41

bronchitis, GI problems, anorexia, and diabetes