Topic 6: Social Policy Flashcards
(25 cards)
1870- Quick Summary
Initial education act, compulsory education for 10 year olds. Only applied in churches and those in the upper classes.
1918- Quick Summary
Fisher Act, raising leaving age to 14
1942- Quick Summary
Butler Act, Identifying social problems- housing, welfare, NHS, education
1944- Quick Summary
Tripartite System, (15%) grammar, (80%) secondary modern (most common), technical (5%)
11+ exams.
1965- Quick Summary
Comprehensivisation, more ‘state’ than grammar- build and develop them including the curriculum. More state schools
1976- Quick Summary
Vocationalism, skill-based work to enter the labour force
1988- Quick Summary
Education reform act, League tables, OFSTED (1992), nationalised curriculum, marketisation to treat schools like a business and raise standards.
1997- Quick Summary
New Labour policies- Neo-liberal, social democratic.
Neo-lib- goal to maintain standards and choice through tuition fees and assessments.
Labour- EMA, EAL, Excellence initiative.
Social dem- improve social inequalities.
2010- Quick Summary
Coalition Government- conservatives and lib dems.
Raised tuition fees.
Forced academisation- helped wc areas in theory (i.e. more funding), however the creation of academies made more issues and did not help all students- pupil premium, SEN students disadvantaged, schools/ gov cared about profits over the students themselves.
2015+- Quick Summary
Globalisation, Privatisation, PIsA
Most significant years for change in education
1988, 1944, 1997, 2010 + 2015 onwards.
What is pupil premium and how much is it per student?
-Additional funding provided to state schools in England, for the purpose of helping disadvantaged pupils reach their full potential
-£1,050k secondary for FSM, £2,570 secondary for those in care or looked after by local authority
On average, Pupil Premium students on average receive _____ at ____ lower than non PP.
2 Grades at GCSE
PP linked to Gillborn and Yodel
PP enables teachers to prioritise disadvantaged students- i.e. going over to them more in lesson, marking their essays first
Criteria for PP
-Being looked after by local authority for a day or more
-Those eligible for FSM or those who have been in the past 6 years.
What can PP be used for
-Education support: Tutoring, Intervention programmes, early years intervention
-Non-academic barriers: Behaviour support, uniform, safeguarding, attendance
-Must be used to help disadvantaged students educationally
Where are vocational schools most common? How does this link to lessened chances
Inner city, working class areas
Less likely to take Ebacc if vocational courses are provided, therefore less traditionally ‘academic’.
Progress 8, when, by who, what?
-Introduced by Micheal Gove and Dominic Cummings, 2016
-Measuring student achievement in all 8 GCSE subjects
-Made by adding all scores then dividing by number of candidates
-Overcame/ replaced educational triage, support all social groups (PP funding, SEN, language barriers)
Ebacc, when, what, positives and negatives?
-2010 policy
-Ensured all students took Ebacc subjects, attempted to prevent schools from gaming the system
+Raises standards, supports marketisation (NR)
-Limits students, lower funding in arts
Link to feminism- disadvantages female students as it excludes creative subjects such as media, textiles or art.
Marxism, has educational policy enabled social mobility?
Has not
-Myth of parentocracy: 1988 open enrolment, parents applying to any schools- ball, bowe and Gewirtz, MC parents are more effective in choosing schools for their children, wc limited in choice. Link to Bourdieu link- lack of social, cultural and economic capital in some parents
-Introduction of tuition fees across the UK in 1998 under labour government for 1k a year. 2012 tuition fees went up to £9,000 a year. Discourages working-class students entering higher education, therefore limiting them with job opportunities as they have less well-regarded qualifications (in this case, a degree). Link to Marxism- financial barriers created by bourgeois to limit working-class, keep them working class.
Interactionalism, has educational policy enabled social mobility?
Interactionalism:
-Has not: 1944 tripartite system labels students based on 11+ exam. Can become master status as students are pushed to compete against each other, comparison.
-Has: PP has enabled prioritisation of disadvantaged groups.
Functionalism, has educational policy enabled social mobility?
Has
-Functionalism:
-Meritocracy, Durkheim and parsons
-Vocationalism 1976, link to role allocation as skill-based learning can help less academically skilled people to enter the manual workforce, which helps society.
-Compulsory education, 1870, 1918
New Right, has educational policy enabled social mobility?
Has
New Right:
-Chubb and Moe: Parental vouchers, parentocracy, choice.
Interactionalist lens:
-PP has enabled prioritisation of disadvantaged groups.
Education Policy has/has not enabled Social Mobility.
-Many policies have been created that have aimed to enable social mobility however many failed and rather improved educational experiences of middle-class students.
- Examples: 2010 academisation helped to aim working-class areas in theory but truly created more issues for pupil premium students and SEN by prioritising marketisation and profits over the students themselves.
