Topic 6B: Developing Immunity

Question 1

Define active immunity and give advantages and disadvantages (3)

Answer 1

• Immune system makes its own antibodies after being stimulated by antigen
• gives long-term protection
• it takes a while for protection to develop

Question 2

Define passive immunity and give advantages and disadvantages (3)

Answer 2

– Immune system doesn’t produce antibodies of its own but instead is given antibodies made by a different organism

– Gives you short-term protection

– Protection is immediate

Question 3

Give example of natural active immunity

Answer 3

– Becoming immune after catching diseases

Question 4

Give examples of artificial active immunity

Answer 4

Being given a vaccine

Question 5

Give an example of natural passive immunity

Answer 5

When a baby becomes immune tutor antibodies received from its mother through placenta and breast milk

Question 6

Give an example of artificial passive immunity

Answer 6

Being injected with antibodies

Question 7

Explain how someone who is vaccinated develops immunity against a pathogen (8)

Answer 7

– At first exposure, antigens on surface activate immune system

– Non-specific immune response activated first which then activates specific immune response – together this makes a primary response

– Primary response is slow because there aren’t many B cells

– Eventually body produces enough of right antibody to overcome infection - person shows symptoms

– T and B cells produce memory cells which remain in body for long time

– Person is immune

– Ability to respond quickly to 2nd infection

– Secondary response is quicker and stronger

– Second Derry response gets rid of pathogen before you begin to show any symptoms