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chem > topic 6c: alkenes > Flashcards

topic 6c: alkenes Flashcards

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1
Q

general formula alkene

A

cnh2n

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2
Q

alkene description

A

unsaturated hydrocarbon

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3
Q

c=c bond consists of (interms of bonding)

A

one sigma
one pi bond

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4
Q

how is a sigma bond formed

A

1 sp2 orbital from each carbon overlaps to form a single c-c sigma

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5
Q

how is a pi bond formed

A

sideways overlap of 2 p orbitals on each C. pi bond formed above and below the plane of the molecule
RESTRICTED ROTATION

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6
Q

is pi or sigma stronger

A

SIGMA

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7
Q

PI BOND ELECTRON DENSITY

A
  • high ed
  • above and below the line between the 2 nuclei
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8
Q

ELECTROPHILE

A

electron pair acceptor
- pi bonds are vulnerable to attack by them because theyre exposed w high electron density

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9
Q

alkene + hydrogen

A
  • addition
  • nickel catalyst
    -forms alkane
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10
Q

alkene + halogen

A
  • halogen reagent
  • room temp
  • forms dihalogenoalkane
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11
Q

alkene + hydrogen halide

A
  • hydrogen halide reagent
  • room temp
    forms alogenoalkane
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12
Q

alkene + potassium manganate (VII)

A
  • KMnO4 reagent in an acidified solution
  • room temp
  • OXIDATION
  • forms a diol
    PURPLE MnO4- COLOUR GONE
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13
Q

bromine water + alkene

A

reagent: bromine dissolved in water
- addition
- bromine water decolourises from orange to colourless

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14
Q

alkene + steam

A
  • acid catalyst - CONCENTRATED H3PO4
  • High temp 300-600
  • high pressure 70 atm
  • hydration
  • alcohol
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15
Q

what does heterolytic bond fission form

A

ions

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16
Q

addition polymers are formed from …

A

alkenes

17
Q

why are polyalkenes unreactive

A

strong c-c c-h bonds

18
Q

recycling of polymers

A
  • saves raw materials
  • polymers need sorting/collecting
  • careful separation needs to be done. can only be recycled into the same type
19
Q

incineration of waste polymers

A
  • burnt and energy produced genrates electricity
  • releases toxins, greenhouse gases
  • reduces volume of rubbish
20
Q

waste polymers as feedstock for cracking

A
  • polymers cracked into small molecules used to make other things
  • saves raw materials
21
Q

2 ways chemists limit the problems caused by polymer disposal

A
  1. developing biodegradable polymers
  2. removing toxic waste gases caused by incineration of plastics
22
Q

biodegradable polymers

A
  • can biodegrade
  • made from maize + starch
23
Q

how do chemists remove the toxic waste gases caused by the incineration

A

waste cases reacted with a base/carbonate. neutralises it

24
Q

why is the empirical formula of the polymer the same as that of the repeating unit

A
  • addition polymerisation
  • no small molecules formed
25
Q

atom economy of addition polymerisation

A

100%
- addition polymerisation
- no small molecules formed (no co products)

chem (12 decks)

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