Topic 7-12 Flashcards by Stacie Cat

(3) phases of infection in Trichinella spiralis

Enteric phase

Invasion phase

Convalescent phase

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Localized reaction caused by the cercarial penetration on the skin

Swimmer’s itch

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

1st intermediate host of Echinostoma ilocanum

Gyraulus convexiusculus and Hippeutis umbilicalis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In Circumoval Precipitin test
Kato-Katz (+)
COPT (+)

Interpret the result

Current infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Interpret this if there’s heavy infection (up to 25,000 flukes) in Clonorchis sinensis

Pain in the right upper quadrant

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the principle of Circumoval Precipitin test?

Antigen-antibody reaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In Circumoval Precipitin test
Kato-Katz (-)
COPT (+)

Interpret the result

Past infection or cross reaction

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the purpose of Harada Mori Filter Paper Strip Culture?

To detect light infection of hookworm Strongyloidiasis and infections with Trichostrongylus spp. as well as to facilitate species identification

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(3) Advantages of Circumoval Precipitin test

Method of choice

Highly sensitive and specific

Easy to perform

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(3) Disadvantages of Circumoval Precipitin test

Technically demanding

Not routinely used for field testing

Cannot detect active vs past infection

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Positive reaction of Circumoval Precipitin test

Bleb formation or Segmented Precipitates

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Treatment for Strongyloides stercoralis

Ivermectin

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(2) characteristics used in speciating in microfilariae

Presence or absence of a sheath

Distribution of nuclei within the tail

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name the parasite: Elephantiasis below the knee

Brugia malayi

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Name this parasite: Elephantiasis above the knee

Wuchereria bancrofti

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Common name of Mansonella ozzardi

New World Filaria

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What disease caused Anisakis complex

Herring disease

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Longest nematodes of man (up to 1 meter)

Dracunculus medinensis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Confirmatory test for Trichinella spiralis

Bentonite Flocculation Tests

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the final procedure in the O&P examination?

Permanent stained smears

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brine Flotation Method AKA ____

Saturated Salt Solution Technique

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

(2) types of concentration techniques

Flotation method

Sedimentation method

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Advantage of Brine Flotation Method

Low cost and simple

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Main reagent in Zinc Sulfate Flotation Method

33% Zinc Sulfate Solution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Sheather’s Sugar Flotation Technique uses what?

Sugar boiled in phenol

Most widely used concentration technique

Formalin ether/ethyl acetate concentration technique

Infective stage of Angiostrongylus cantonensis

Filariform larva

Trichinella spiralis causes the ______ in eosinophils

greatest increase

This disease is a great imitator who can mimic other diseases

Trichinosis/Trichiniasis/Trichinellosis

Who discovered Capillaria philippinensis?

Dr. Nella P. Salazar

Smallest human fluke

Metagonimus yokogawai

Mode of transmission of Heterophyid flukes

Ingestion of metacercariae encysted in fish

Worm invades the bile duct through the ampula of Vater which causes severe abdominal pain due to the movement of worm inside the biliary tract

Biliary ascariasis

Worms lodge in the appendix

Acute pancreatitis

2nd most common helmenthic infection reported in humans

Hookworms

Scientific name for Dog Hookworm

Ancylostoma caninum

More sensitive, culture method of choice of Strongyloides stercoralis (Garcia)

Agar Plate Culture

Name all the common name of Enterobius vermicularis

Pinworm Seatworm Social worm Society worm

Gold standard for diagnosing Enterobius vermicularis

Perianal swab (Scotch Tape Swab or Cellulose Tape Swab)

Most common Helminth to infect man worldwide

Enterobius vermicularis

Most common Helminth to infect man in the Philippines

Ascaris lumbricoides

Mode of transmission of Trichuris trichiura

Ingestion of embryonate egg (fecal-oral transmission)

Worms in the peritoneal cavity

Peritonitis

What can be false positive with COPT?

Cross reaction with Paragonimus westermani

What can be false negative with COPT?

Very low egg output

Serologic test for COPT

Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)

Who initially introduced the Harada Mori filter paper test tube culture? In what year?

Harada and Mori 1955

What is the procedure of Harada Mori Filter Paper Culture?

Smear Add Insert Place Keep Examine

What position must the Harada Mori filter paper strip culture be incubated?

Upright standing position

Name the 1st and 2nd intermediate host of Heterophyid flukes

1st: snail 2nd: Freshwater, brackish water fish

Where is their habitat? Schistosomes: Fasciola, Clonorchis, Opistorchis:

Mesenteric veins Liver and bile passages

Most serious complication of paragonimus westermani

Cerebral paragonimiasis

Common name of Opistorchis viverrini

Southeast Asian liver fluke

What is the definitive diagnosis of paragonimus westermani?

Detection of unembryonated eggs in sputum, stool, or abscesses or pleural effusion

What type of method is Kato-Katz Technique?

Quantitative method

Formula of Glycerin-Malachite Green solution

100 mL distilled water 100 mL pure glycerin 1 mL 3% malachite green solution in water

This is a common sign in VLM of Toxocara spp.

Wheezing

Anisakis simplex is common in what country?

Japan

Most common recognized clinical syndrome of Anisakis complex

Acute gastric presentation

A localized subcutaneous edemas, a type of inflammatory reaction brought about by a host responds to the worm or its metabolic products

Calabar or Fugitive swellings

How much stool is used in A) Kato-Katz B) Kato Thick

A) half a gram of stool B) 50-60 mg of stool

Who developed the Kato Thick Smear Technique? In what year?

Kato and Maura 1954

What larval nematodes can be recovered from Harada Mori?

Hookworm, Strongyloides, or Trichostrongylus

This is dilation of lymph vessels due to the pre-formed saliva that enlarges to accomodate the adults

Lymphangiectasia

Treatment for Mansonella perstans

Mebendazole

Life span for Hookworms A. Necator americanus B. Ancylostoma duodenale

A. 4-20 years B. 5-7 years

Name the parasite and stage: BUCCAL CAVITY: Short, has four indistinct lips GENITAL PRIMODIUM: Prominent/Conspicuous

Strongyloides stercoralis, L1 Rhabditiform larva

Most striking feature/symptom of Enterobius vermicularis

Pruritis ani/ Noctural Pruritis ani

How to differentiate Trichuris trichiura and Capillaria philippinensis

Trichuris: Barrel-shaped with prominent bipolar mucus plugs Capillaria: Flattened bipolar mucus plugs, striated, and smaller than Trichuris plugs

Concentration technique used to diagnose Trichuris trichiura

Zinc Sulfate Flotation

This parasite has a Chinese lantern appearance

Strongyloides stercoralis

The only nematode that cannot be controlled through sanitary disposal of human feces because the eggs are deposited in the perianal region instead of the intestinal lumen

Enterobius vermicularis

What disease causes Capillaria hepatica?

Hepatic capillariasis

In flotation techniques, parasites are _____ than the solutions used and during centrifugation, they float to the surface, produces a cleaner preparation

Less dense

In Zinc Sulfate Flotation Method SG for fresh stool: SG for preserved stool:

1.18 1.20

Under what microscope is Sheather’s Sugar Flotation technique observed?

Phase-Contrast Microscopy

What is the principle of Acid Ether Concentration Technique?

Hydrochloric acid is used to dissolve albuminous material

What is the principle of Baermann Concentration Method?

Using a funnel apparatus, active larvae migrate from a fresh specimen that has been placed on a wire mesh with several layers of gauze, which are in constact with tap water

This method/s use differences in specific gravity and centrifugation to separate the parasites from fecal debris and increase their recovery

Flotation method and Sedimentation method

Flotation techniques is ideal for ______ (except T. trichiura and C. philippinensis) and ______

Nematodes eggs; protozoan cysts

In COPT of the principle of Antigen-Antibody reaction, which is the antibody and which is the antigen?

Antibody: Patient’s serum Antigen: Schistosoma japonicum, Ova

Mode of transmission of Sheather’s Sugar Flotation Technique

Ingestion of mature oocysts in contaminated food or water

(3) Disadvantages of Acid Ether Concentration Technique

Loss of parasite to the plug of debris Possible destruction of protozoan cysts Ether is flammable and explosive

Methiolate Iodine Formalin/Formaldehyde Ether Concentration Technique is recommended for?

Better identification of protozoan cysts in contaminated

Primary purpose of permanent stained smears

Confirmation of the intestinal protozoan, both trophozoites and cysts

Most common specimen used for leprosy diagnosis

Skin biopsies