Topic 7 Flashcards
(37 cards)
Functions of nutrient
Provide energy - this is mainly the role of carbs and fats
Allow growth and repair - of body cells and tissue
To regulate the body’s metabolism
Balanced diet
Enough energy
Essential amino acids from proteins
Essential fatty acids from fats
Micronutrients
Water
Fiber
Correct portions
Vitamin c - where is it found,the use and the disease
Found - oranges,lemon,other citrus fruits
Use in body - tissue repair,resistance to disease
Disease - scurvy
Vitamin D - where is it found,the use and the disease
Where - oily fish,milk,butter
Uses - strengthen bones and teeth
Disease - soft bones,legs bow outwards
Iron - where is it found,the use and the disease
Where - liver,meat,eggs
Use - forming haemoglobin in red blood cells for transport of oxygen
Disease - tiredness, lack of energy
Calcium - where is it found,the use and the disease
Where - milk,fish,green vegetables
Use - strengthens bones and teeth
Disease - tickets and muscle weakness and cramps
Vitamin characteristics
- essential in small quantities to ensure a healthy body
- able to work with enzymes to control the chemical reaction of the body
- they can’t be digested or broken down by enzymes
- they can’t be used to build up body structures
Iron - where is it found,the use and the disease
Use - make the haemoglobin
Disease - Anaemia
Ingestion meaning
Taking of substances into the body through the mouth
Digestion meaning
Breaking down of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules so that they can pass through the gut wall in the blood
Absorption definition
The movement of small food molecules through the wall of the intestine into the blood
Assimilation meaning
The movement of digestive food molecules into the cells of the body where they are used becoming part of the cell
Egestion meaning
Passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed as farces through the anus
What is physical digestion and how does it work
The breakdown of large pieces of food into smaller pieces of food without changing the food molecules
How - this starts in the mouth where chewing breaks down food into smaller pieces that can be swallowed
What is Chemical digestion
The breakdown of the large insoluble food molecules into smaller soluble molecules by the action of enzymes
How does chemical digestion work
Occurs in the mouth stomach and small intestine.
Physical digestion gives a large surface area for the enzymes to work on.
The 3 enzymes protease lipase amylase
Which break down their own enzymes
What does protease break down
Protein molecules
What does amylase break down
Starch to maltose
What does lipase break down
Lipase breaks down fat molecules
What are incisors
Chisel shaped teeth for biting and cutting
What are canines
Pointed for piercing and tearing
What are premolars
Uneven cusps for grinding and chewing
What are molars
Like premolars and are for chewing up food
What is the enamel
Forms the hard outer layer of the crown of the tooth which is part above the gum
