Topic 7 - Organic chemistry - Polymers Flashcards
(9 cards)
1
Q
What are polymers?
A
- long molecules formed when lots of small molecules called monomers joined together
- this reaction is polymerisation - usually needs high pressure and a catalyst
2
Q
What are addition polymers?
A
- made from unsaturated monomers
- monomers that make up addition polymers have double covalent bond
- lots of unsaturated monomer molecules (alkenes) open up double bond and join together to form polymer chains - addition polymerisation
3
Q
Differences between addition and condensation polymerisation?
A
- addition polymerisation only one product formed - the polymer
- condensation polymerisation - two products - polymer and small molecule
- addition polymerisation - only one type of monomer type containing C=C bond
- condensation polymerisation two monomer types with two of the same functional group
4
Q
What does there need to be for condensation polymerisation to happen overall?
A
- each of the monomers has to have at least two functional groups
- needs to be 2 different functional groups overall
5
Q
Condensation overall equation for a polyester?
A
diol + dicarboxylic acid –> condensation polymer (polyester) + water
6
Q
What functional groups do amino acids have?
A
amino group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
7
Q
Proteins and amino acids?
A
- amino acids form polymers called polypeptides through condensation polymerisation
- one or more long chains of polypeptides are known as proteins
8
Q
What is DNA made of?
A
- two polymer chains of monomers called nucleotides
- nucleotides each contain a small molecule known as a base
- bases on different polymer chains pair up with each other - form cross links keeping two strands of nucleotides together in double helix
9
Q
Simple sugar polymers?
A
sugars can react together through polymerisation reactions to form larger carbohydrate polymers like starch
