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Engineering > Topic 8 > Flashcards

Topic 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a hazard?

A

Something that can harm you or other people.

Hazards can include physical, chemical, biological, and ergonomic risks.

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2
Q

Define risk.

A

The likelihood that a particular hazard will cause harm and how serious that harm would be.

Risk assessment often involves evaluating both the probability of an incident and its potential consequences.

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3
Q

What is a control measure?

A

A precaution that is put in place to minimise or eliminate risk.

Control measures can include safety equipment, training, and procedural changes.

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4
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is something that can harm you or other people.

A

[hazard]

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5
Q

Fill in the blank: The likelihood that a particular hazard will cause harm is known as _______.

A

[risk]

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6
Q

Fill in the blank: A _______ is a precaution that is put in place to minimise or eliminate risk.

A

[control measure]

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7
Q

What does a risk assessment evaluate?

A

The likelihood of a hazard causing harm and the seriousness of that harm.

This evaluation helps prioritize safety measures based on potential impacts.

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8
Q

What is the purpose of conducting a risk assessment?

A

To bring dangers to our attention and limit the risk of accidents happening

Risk assessments are essential before starting any activity.

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9
Q

In what contexts are risk assessments typically completed?

A
  • Practical subjects in schools using equipment
  • School trips outside of premises
  • Workplaces to ensure employee safety
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10
Q

What are the five stages to consider when completing a risk assessment?

A
  • Identify the hazards
  • Decide who might be at harm
  • Evaluate the risks and decide on appropriate control measures
  • Record the findings of the assessment
  • Review the assessments and make revisions if necessary
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11
Q

How can hazards be identified in the workplace?

A
  • Walking around the workplace
  • Asking employees for their input
  • Visiting the Health and Safety Executive website
  • Accessing guidelines for tools and equipment
  • Assessing long-term health hazards
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12
Q

Who could possibly be harmed during a risk assessment?

A
  • Workers with disabilities or special needs
  • Employees who may not be present all the time
  • Members of the public
  • Other employees
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13
Q

What should be evaluated when deciding on control measures?

A

What procedures and protective equipment are already in place to prevent harm

This evaluation helps in determining the effectiveness of existing measures.

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14
Q

What is a crucial step after reviewing a risk assessment?

A

To prioritise and address high-risk hazards first to avoid serious consequences

This ensures that immediate threats are mitigated effectively.

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15
Q

Why are risk assessments considered important by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE)?

A

They are a legal requirement; failure to complete them can result in lawsuits and fines

The HSE is Britain’s national regulator for workplace health and safety.

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16
Q

What are the main purposes of risk assessments?

A
  • Meet legal requirements
  • Prioritise hazards and control measures
  • Prevent injuries or illnesses
  • Assess the effectiveness of existing control measures
  • Identify who is at risk
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17
Q

What is one consequence of failing to carry out risk assessments?

A

Increased risk of accidents
Health and safetyinvestigations
Enforcement actions

Without a risk assessment, there is no understanding of hazards and control measures or who may be at risk.

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18
Q

What happens during health and safety investigations if no risk assessment is found?

A

The HSE may face enforcement actions

HSE inspectors will decide on enforcement actions when they find no risk assessment in place.

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19
Q

What types of enforcement actions can occur due to failing to conduct risk assessments?

A
  • Verbal or written warning
  • Formal caution
  • Improvement notice
  • Prohibition notice
  • Prosecution
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20
Q

Consequences of failing to carry out risk assessments

A

Emotional and physical trauma
Project delays
Financial consequences
Losing customers

People may suffer emotional distress due to an accident and long-term consequences.

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21
Q

How can lack of risk assessments cause trauma

A

people may suffer emotional distress due to an accident and suffer long-term consequences.

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22
Q

How can project delays occur as a consequence of failing to carry out risk assessments?

A

Workers may need medical attention or time off work

This leaves the company without staff to complete the project.

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23
Q

What financial consequences can arise from failing to conduct risk assessments?

A

High fines may lead to company closure

Companies may not be able to pay high fines and could be forced to close.

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24
Q

How can failing to carry out risk assessments affect a company’s reputation?

A

Losing customers

Accidents may damage the company’s reputation, leading people not to want to use the company in the future.

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25
What is a pillar drill used for?
A pillar drill is used for drilling single holes in a range of materials where high accuracy is required. ## Footnote Common materials include softwood, hardwood, metal sheets, and different polymers.
26
What control does a pillar drill provide to the user?
A pillar drill provides full control over different speeds depending on the materials being drilled. ## Footnote This allows for better adaptation to various drilling tasks.
27
How can the drill depth be adjusted on a pillar drill?
The drill depth can be set to a specific millimetre, allowing for precise drilling of multiple holes at the same depth and angle. ## Footnote This feature is essential for consistency in projects.
28
What are the potential hazards when using a pillar drill?
Potential hazards include eye injuries and hair or clothing getting caught in the machine. ## Footnote Safety precautions are necessary to prevent these injuries.
29
What safety measures should be followed when using a pillar drill?
* Tie back long hair * Wear safety goggles * Tuck in loose clothing and roll back sleeves * Wear an apron to protect from debris * Ensure the drill bit is securely fitted in the chuck * Clamp workpiece in a suitable work vice or G-clamp ## Footnote These measures help mitigate risks associated with drilling.
30
What does a risk assessment rating of 'Low (L)' indicate?
A risk assessment rating of 'Low (L)' indicates little or no impact to a person or the company. ## Footnote This rating reflects minimal safety concerns.
31
What does a risk assessment rating of 'Medium (M)' signify?
A rating of 'Medium (M)' signifies an activity that has a risk that could cause an impact, but not a serious one. ## Footnote This requires some safety measures but is not critical.
32
What could a 'High (H)' risk assessment rating lead to?
A 'High (H)' risk assessment rating could lead to life-changing damage to a person or reputational damage to the company. ## Footnote Activities with this rating require strict safety protocols.
33
What are finishing tools used for?
To get a specific finish on any surface ## Footnote Finishing tools are often used in the last stage of a manufacturing task.
34
What is the purpose of finishing in manufacturing?
To protect workpieces or for aesthetic reasons ## Footnote Finishing can also remove excess materials, blemishes, and smooth surfaces.
35
What are the four categories of tools and equipment in engineering?
* Marking out tools * Modification tools * Joining tools * Finishing tools
36
What are marking out tools used for?
To scribe lines, create centre punch, measure lengths, and mark off sections, angles, and circles ## Footnote They are often used in the planning stage of a manufacturing task.
37
How do marking out tools contribute to manufacturing success?
By reducing the chance of mistakes ## Footnote Accurate measuring and marking out is key to ensuring the success of a task.
38
What are the two types of metal modification tools?
* Single-point tools * Multi-point tools
39
What is the primary function of single-point tools?
To get rid of extra material through cutting edges
40
What processes are multi-point tools crucial for?
Grinding, drilling, and milling
41
What do joining tools do?
They firmly hold materials together to form permanent or non-permanent joints
42
What factors determine the choice of joining tools?
The type of joining required and the materials that are used
43
What are some health and safety measures to consider when using hand and power tools?
* Avoid eye injuries due to flying bits of material * Prevent impact injuries due to hammers * Avoid cutting of hands or fingers * Check for damaged handles that can cause injuries
44
What are some precautions to take before using tools and equipment?
* Inspect tools, equipment, and machines before use * Keep tools clean * Lock tools away when not in use * Use the correct tool for the job * Carry equipment with sharp edges away from the body
45
What are quality control measures?
Quality control measures ensure that manufactured products meet the quality standards that have been set during the planning stage of the manufacturing task. ## Footnote Quality control measures include measuring the quality of outputs, determining if they meet accepted standards, identifying issues, and rectifying them promptly.
46
Steps of quality control?
*Measure the quality of the outputs. *Determine whether the outputs meet the accepted standards. *Identify issues, errors, and flaws. *Rectify issues, errors, and flaws as soon as possible.
47
What is the purpose of emergency power cut-off buttons?
Stops machinery quickly when there is a risk of injury or the workflow requires stopping ## Footnote Users should push the emergency stop button if they encounter difficulties on a machine.
48
What color are isolation buttons typically signposted with?
Red on a yellow background ## Footnote Isolation buttons are found on machines or on the wall to ensure safety.
49
What is the purpose of personal protective equipment (PPE)?
To protect individuals from risks to their health and safety while at work ## Footnote The PPE at Work Regulations (1992) expands the Health and Safety at Work Act 1974.
50
What type of footwear is recommended in industry?
Steel toe-capped boots ## Footnote These prevent heavy objects from damaging feet and provide sufficient grip on contaminated surfaces.
51
When should safety glasses be worn?
When there is any risk of debris entering the eyes ## Footnote This includes using equipment like disc sanders, pillar drills, hand drills, and scroll saws.
52
What is the function of guards on machines?
To prevent injuries from moving parts and to protect against cuts and flying debris ## Footnote Modern machines may have safety features that disable operation if guards are not in position.
53
What is a safety zone?
An area marked on the floor where no one else should enter when a machine is in use ## Footnote Safety zones can also indicate where people can walk in factories and may show traffic flow or speed limits.
54
What is the importance of workshop extraction systems?
To create a pollution-free environment that is clean, safe, and healthy ## Footnote Extractors filter out particles in the air, preventing inhalation of toxic materials or dust.
55
How often should extraction units be tested?
Every 14 months under Local Exhaust Ventilation (LEV) testing ## Footnote This ensures that extraction systems remain safe for use.
56
Fill in the blank: Quality control checks must be undertaken throughout the manufacture to check that products meet the _______.
requirements set out in the product or project brief
57
True or False: Isolation buttons can only be found on machines.
False ## Footnote Isolation buttons can also be located on the wall.
58
What should be worn to protect the body in a workshop?
Aprons and overalls ## Footnote These protect against debris and contaminants that may cause harm.
59
What is a production plan?
A document that sets out crucial information about each stage of production
60
What shape is used to represent the input/output in a flow chart?
A parallelogram ## Footnote A parallelogram represents information entering the system or product.
61
Name three tools effective for planning projects.
* Flow charts * Gantt charts * Spreadsheets ## Footnote These tools aid in organizing and visualizing project tasks and timelines.
62
Who introduced the 'Flow Process Chart' to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers?
Frank and Lillian Gilbreth in 1921 ## Footnote They were industrial engineers who contributed significantly to the development of flow charts.
63
In which decade did Allan H. Morgensen use flow charts to enhance business efficiency?
1930s ## Footnote Morgensen's work demonstrated practical applications of flow charts in business processes.
64
Which US consumer goods company implemented flow charts in the 1940s?
Proctor and Gamble ## Footnote This implementation marked a significant step in using flow charts in industry.
65
What was introduced to flow charts in 1947?
A symbol system ## Footnote This helped standardize the representation of processes in flow charts.
66
List two industries that use flow charts.
* Education * Sales * Businesses * Computing ## Footnote Flow charts are versatile tools utilized across various sectors.
67
How can flow charts be used in manufacturing?
To show the manufacturing or production process from start to finish ## Footnote They help visualize each step in the production line.
68
What does an oval shape in a flow chart represent?
Start or End ## Footnote An oval should contain the word 'Start' or 'End'.
69
What is the purpose of arrows in a flow chart?
To show the relationship between shapes ## Footnote Arrows connect each shape and indicate the flow of the process.
70
What does a rectangle represent in a flow chart?
A process or a step ## Footnote It can indicate a single action or an entire sub-process.
71
What does a diamond shape indicate in a flow chart?
A decision ## Footnote It often has multiple arrows representing different outcomes.

Engineering (2 decks)

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