Topic 8 - Definitions Flashcards
(16 cards)
Acetylation
The addition of acetyl groups to histones. Acetylation activates the gene by
making it more accessible to transcription factors.
Addition
A form of gene mutation in which one or more nucleotide bases are inserted into a DNA sequence. This may result in a frameshift to the right.
Benign
Cancer
Cellular proteome
Complementary DNA (cDNA)
A single strand of DNA complementary to the mRNA template strand.
Complete proteome
All of the proteins coded for by the genome.
Deletion
A form of gene mutation in which one or more nucleotide bases are removed from
a DNA sequence. This may result in a frameshift to the left.
Differentiation
A process in which cells become specialised for function.
DNA hybridisation
The process by which a single-stranded segment of DNA is combined with a complementary fragment of DNA or RNA.
DNA ligase
An enzyme that joins the sugar phosphate backbone of two DNA segments.
DNA polymerase
An enzyme that synthesises a double-stranded molecule of DNA from a
single template strand using complementary nucleotides.
DNA probe
A short, single-stranded segment of DNA that can be fluorescently or radioactively labelled. DNA probes are used to locate specific alleles of genes.
DNA sequencing
Determining the entire DNA nucleotide base sequence of an organism.
Duplication
A form of gene mutation in which one or more nucleotide bases are repeated. This may result in a frameshift to the right.
Epigenetics
The study of changes in gene expression that are not die to alterations in the nucleotide base sequence.
