Topic 9 - Crude Oil

Question 1

Crude Oil - Finite or Renewable

Answer 1

Finite Resource

Question 2

Where is crude oil found

Answer 2

In the earths crust

Question 3

What is crude oil made of

Answer 3

Different hydrocarbons
Can’t be used until they are separated

Question 4

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 4

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon

Question 5

How are the different hydrocarbons separated

Answer 5

Distillation

Question 6

What is an alkane

Answer 6

Saturated hydrocarbon

Question 7

What does saturated mean

Answer 7

All carbon atoms are bonded to 4 hydrogens
All single bonds
No more hydrogens can be added

Question 8

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane

Answer 8

CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12

Question 9

Formula for alkane molecule

Answer 9

CnH(2n+2)

Question 10

Properties of short chain hydrocarbons

Answer 10

Lower boiling point
Higher volatility (the tendency to turn to a gas)
Lower viscosity (how easily it flows)
Higher flammability
Less smokey

Question 11

Properties of long chain hydrocarbons

Answer 11

Higher boiling point
Lower volatility (the tendency to turn to gas)
Higher viscosity (less flowy)
Lower flammability
More smokey

Question 12

Distillation of hydrocarbons

Answer 12

Crude oil fed into fractioning column at 400-500°c
Hotter at bottom
Hydrocarbons condense at temperature matching there bp

Question 13

Boiling point of small and large hydrocarbons

Answer 13

Small hydrocarbons have a lower boiling point (less intermolecular forces to break)

Question 14

What is complete combustion

Answer 14

When the hydrogen and carbon are completely oxidised

Question 15

Formula for complete combustion

Answer 15

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Question 16

Products of complete combustion

Answer 16

Carbon dioxide + water

Question 17

What is incomplete combustion

Answer 17

When there is not enough oxygen for complete oxidisation so carbon monoxide is made

Question 18

Formula for incomplete combustion

Answer 18

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water

Question 19

Products of incomplete combustion

Answer 19

Carbon monoxide + water

Question 20

Why crack hydrocarbons

Answer 20

The hydrocarbons high in the fractioning column are low in demand
Low viscosity, low boiling point, difficult to vaporise, difficult to burn
Bad fuels

Question 21

What is cracking

Answer 21

Splitting large, unhelpful hydrocarbons into smaller, useful ones

Question 22

What do you need in order to crack hydrocarbons

Answer 22

Catalyst
Steam
Heated to a high temperature

Question 23

What process is cracking

Answer 23

Thermal decomposition

Question 24

What products are produced through cracking

Answer 24

Alkane and an alkene

Question 25

What is an alkene

Answer 25

Unsaturated compound containing at least one double bond between the carbon atoms

Question 26

Properties of alkenes

Answer 26

Burn in air Reacts with bromine water

Question 27

How to test for an alkene

Answer 27

Turns orange bromine water colourless