Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Chemistry GCSE > topic 9 - organic chem > Flashcards

topic 9 - organic chem Flashcards

(49 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

alkane

A

saturated hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

general formula alkane

A

Cn H2n+2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what does saturated mean

A

the atoms have formed bonds with as many other atoms as they can

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

prefix for 1 carbon atom

A

meth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

prefix for 2 carbon atom

A

eth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

prefix for 3 carbon atom

A

prop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

prefix for 4 carbon atom

A

but

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

formula methane

A

CH4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

formula ethane

A

C2H6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

formula propane

A

C3H8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

formula butane

A

C4H10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

alkene

A

unsaturated hydrocarbons with a double carbon bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

general formula alkene

A

Cn H2n

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

functional group alkenes

A

one double carbon bond C = C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

formula ethene

A

C2H4

H       H
  \      /
   C=C
  /      \
H       H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

formula propene

A

C3H6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

formula but-1-ene (structure)

A

C4H8
but-1-ene means that the unsaturated point is at position 1

H           H   H
  \           I     I
   C=C - C - C - H
  /     I     I     I
H     H   H   H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

formula but-2-ene (structure)

A

C4H8
but-2-ene means that the unsaturated point is at position 2

      H      H   H
       I        I     I 
H - C- C=C - C - H
       I    I         I
      H  H       H
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how do you test for an alkene or alkane

A

shake substance with bromine water
- if bromine water is bleached an alkene is present
alkanes don’t react with bromine water because they don’t have double bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

why does the bromine water test work

Study These Flashcards
A

if the water bleaches it is because an addition reaction has occurred - bromine has been added to the double bond

21
Q

eg. ethene + bromine water (structural diagram)

Study These Flashcards
A

H H H Br
\ / I I
C=C + Br2 -> H - C - C - H
/ \ I I
H H Br H

22
Q

what happens when an alkane or alkene is burnt

Study These Flashcards
A

in complete combustion, alkenes and alkanes react with oxygen to produce CO2 and H2O

23
Q

ethane + oxygen gives what

balanced equation too

Study These Flashcards
A

ethane + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

2C2H6 + 7O2 -> 4CO2 + 6H2O

24
Q

alcohol general formula

25
function group alcohols
OH (hydroxyl)
26
methanol formula
CH3OH
27
ethanol
C2H5OH
28
propanol
C3H7OH
29
butanol
C4H9OH
30
describe the dehydration of alcohols
heat and ALCOHOL with an ACID CATALYST to form an ALKENE and WATER
31
fermentation
the process of using yeast to convert a type of carbohydrate (sugars) into alcohol
32
for example symbol equation of glucose fermentation with yeast to produce ethanol and carbon dioxide (balanced)
C6H12O6 --(yeast)------> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2
33
how do you make ethanol in a lab (using fermentation) (5)
using FERMENTATION 1) mix yeast and carbohydrate solution in a clean container which is sealed and left in a warm place 2) keep the mixture between 30°C and 40°C (this is because fermentation happens fastest at this temperature) 3) mixture should be kept in anaerobic conditions - if oxygen were present it would convert the ethanol to ethanoic acid 4) when the concentration of alcohol reaches 10-20%, fermentation stops as the yeast is killed by the alcohol 5) yeast falls to the bottom and ethanol solution can be collected from the top
34
how to produce a more concentrated ethanol solution
fractional distillation
35
describe fractional distillation of ethanol solution
to make a concentration of above 20%, fractional distillation has to be used ethanol's boiling point is lower than water's so when the fermentation mixture is heated ethanol evaporates first, leaving the water a liquid a liebig condenser condenses the ethanol and the more concentrated ethanol can be collected in a separate flask
36
why can alcohols be used as fueld
when they burn, they release energy
37
how to test for the best alcohol (7)
1) place alcohol in spirit burner and measure the mass of the two using a mass balance 2) measure 100cm^3 distilled water into a copper calorimeter 3) insulate the calorimeter using a draught excluder and an insulating lid once the thermometer is inside 4) take initial temperature of the water, place burner underneath and light wick 5) stir water and once it reaches 20°C blow out the burner 6) immediately reweight burner and fuel 7) repeat with different alcohols as fuels
38
how do you compare the efficiency of fuels
more efficient fuels - less alcohol is needed to raise the temperature of the water by a given amount
39
general formula carboxylic acids
Cn-1 H 2n-1 COOH
40
functional group carboxylic acids
COOH (carboxyl)
41
properties of carboxylic acids
react like typical acids - in solution they can ionise to release H+ ions - they only partially dissociate so are classed as weak acids
42
how are carboxylic acids produced from alcohols
through oxidation, using an oxidising agent
43
for example: show the structural equation for ethanol into ethanoic acid
H H H O I I I // H - C - C - O - H --------> H - C - C I I oxidising I \ H H agent H O - H
44
how do the names change (eg methanol become what acid)
methanol - methanoic acid ethanol - ethanoic acid propanol - propanoic acid butanol - butanoic acid
45
formula methanoic acid
HCOOH
46
formula ethanoic acid
CH3COOH
47
formula propanoic acid
C2H5COOH
48
formula butanoic acid
C3H7COOH
49
homologous series
all members of a homologous series have the same functional group which means they all have similar reactions (if you know how one member of a homologous series reacts, you can predict how the others will react too)

Chemistry GCSE (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions