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Year 8 Science Semester 1 > Topic 9: Rocks > Flashcards

Topic 9: Rocks Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is a Mineral?

A

Minerals are the substances that make up rocks. Each mineral has its own chemical make up.

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2
Q

What is Lithosphere?

A

The outer most layer of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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3
Q

What is Magma?

A

A mixture of molten rock and gases just below the earths surface.

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4
Q

What is Sediments?

A

Material broken down by erosion or weathering that is moved by wind or water and settles into layers.

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5
Q

What are Native Elements?

A

Elements uncombined in the earths crust.

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6
Q

What are Crystals?

A

Made of atoms and molecules arranged in seven different shapes.

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7
Q

What is Lustre?

A

The appearance of a crystal caused by the reflection of light.

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8
Q

What is a Streak?

A

The colour of a mineral as a powder.

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9
Q

What is Hardness?

A

The measure of how hard it is to scratch the rock.

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10
Q

What are Igneous Rocks?

A

Rocks that form after lava has cooled and to turned to a solid.

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11
Q

What are Extrusive Rocks?

A

Lava that cools above the earths surface.

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12
Q

What is Pumice?

A

A rock that forms from frothy lava that cools in the air.

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13
Q

What is Scoria?

A

A rock made from gassy lava in the air.

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14
Q

What is Abrasive?

A

A substance or material that scratches another.

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15
Q

What is Basalt?

A

Rock formed front the fast cooling of lava

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16
Q

What is Obsidian?

A

A dark coloured rock that reflects light like glass

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17
Q

What are Intrusive Rocks?

A

Rocks that are formed below the earths surface

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18
Q

What are Batholiths?

A

Rocks that span 100km across

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19
Q

What is Granite?

A

An igneous rock that has different coloured crystals on the outside of it

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20
Q

What are Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Rocks formed by particles of sediments and is cemented together under pressure

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21
Q

What are Metamorphic Rocks?

A

Rocks that are formed from other rocks because of intense pressure or heat or both

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22
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The wearing out of soil and rock by natural elements like water and wind

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23
Q

What is a Floodplain?

A

Flat land next to a river where sediments are left during a flood

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24
Q

What are Glaciers?

A

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes

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25
What are Moraines?
Deposits of gravel, rocks and small particles that where formed by glaciers
26
What is Sandstone?
A sedimentary rock that is formed with sand that is cemented together by salts
27
What is Mudstone?
A rock formed by fine grains of soils
28
What is Shale?
Fine grained sedimentary rock that is made of clay
29
What is Siltstone?
A rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone?
30
What is Conglomerate?
A rock consisting of large sized particles cemented together
31
What is Limestone?
A rock formed by deceased organisms
32
What is Coal?
Rock formed by animal matter over millions of years
33
What is Rock Salt?
A deposit of sodium usually from evaporated salt lakes
34
What is Slate?
A rock formed by intensive heat and pressure
35
What is Gneiss?
Rock formed by the pressurisation of granite
36
What is a Mineral Ore?
A rock that has been mined to get a mineral or chemical from it
37
What is Mining?
Extracting resources from the earth
38
What is a Environmental Impact Statement?
A study on the effects of the impact mining might make on the environment
39
What is Rehabilitated?
Restored to its previous state
40
What is Overburden?
Waste rock below to topsoil
41
What is Open Cut Mining?
Mining that removes layers of soil and rocks and making it an open pit
42
What is Underground Mining?
Mining in a direct tunnel or shaft towards the minerals
43
What is the Stone Age?
About 2 million years ago when humans began implementing Stone in tools and weapons
44
What is Alloy?
A mixture of metal and a non metal or another metal
45
What is Flint?
A fine grain sedimentary rock that leaves a sharp edge when broken
46
What is Percussion Flaking?
Striking at flint or obsidian with rocks like quartzite to get large flakes to make small tools
47
What is a Fossil?
The remains or trace of animal or plant life in the past
48
What is Erosion?
The wearing out of soil and rock by natural elements like water and wind
49
What is a Floodplain?
Flat land next to a river where sediments are left during a flood
50
What are Glaciers?
Large bodies of ice that move down slopes
51
What are Moraines?
Deposits of gravel, rocks and small particles that where formed by glaciers
52
What is Sandstone?
A sedimentary rock that is formed with sand that is cemented together by salts
53
What is Mudstone?
A rock formed by fine grains of soils
54
What is Shale?
Fine grained sedimentary rock that is made of clay
55
What is Siltstone?
A rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone?
56
What is Conglomerate?
A rock consisting of large sized particles cemented together
57
What is Limestone?
A rock formed by deceased organisms
58
What is Coal?
Rock formed by animal matter over millions of years
59
What is Rock Salt?
A deposit of sodium usually from evaporated salt lakes
60
What is Slate?
A rock formed by intensive heat and pressure
61
What is Gneiss?
Rock formed by the pressurisation of granite
62
What is a Mineral Ore?
A rock that has been mined to get a mineral or chemical from it
63
What is Mining?
Extracting resources from the earth
64
What is a Environmental Impact Statement?
A study on the effects of the impact mining might make on the environment
65
What is Rehabilitated?
Restored to its previous state
66
What is Overburden?
Waste rock below to topsoil
67
What is Open Cut Mining?
Mining that removes layers of soil and rocks and making it an open pit
68
What is Underground Mining?
Mining in a direct tunnel or shaft towards the minerals
69
What is the Stone Age?
About 2 million years ago when humans began implementing Stone in tools and weapons
70
What is Alloy?
A mixture of metal and a non metal or another metal
71
What is Flint?
A fine grain sedimentary rock that leaves a sharp edge when broken
72
What is Percussion Flaking?
Striking at flint or obsidian with rocks like quartzite to get large flakes to make small tools
73
What is a Fossil?
The remains or trace of animal or plant life in the past

Year 8 Science Semester 1 (4 decks)

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