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Year 8 Science Semester 1 > Topic 9: Rocks > Flashcards

Topic 9: Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

What is a Mineral?

A

Minerals are the substances that make up rocks. Each mineral has its own chemical make up.

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2
Q

What is Lithosphere?

A

The outer most layer of the earth consisting of the crust and upper mantle.

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3
Q

What is Magma?

A

A mixture of molten rock and gases just below the earths surface.

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4
Q

What is Sediments?

A

Material broken down by erosion or weathering that is moved by wind or water and settles into layers.

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5
Q

What are Native Elements?

A

Elements uncombined in the earths crust.

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6
Q

What are Crystals?

A

Made of atoms and molecules arranged in seven different shapes.

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7
Q

What is Lustre?

A

The appearance of a crystal caused by the reflection of light.

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8
Q

What is a Streak?

A

The colour of a mineral as a powder.

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9
Q

What is Hardness?

A

The measure of how hard it is to scratch the rock.

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10
Q

What are Igneous Rocks?

A

Rocks that form after lava has cooled and to turned to a solid.

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11
Q

What are Extrusive Rocks?

A

Lava that cools above the earths surface.

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12
Q

What is Pumice?

A

A rock that forms from frothy lava that cools in the air.

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13
Q

What is Scoria?

A

A rock made from gassy lava in the air.

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14
Q

What is Abrasive?

A

A substance or material that scratches another.

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15
Q

What is Basalt?

A

Rock formed front the fast cooling of lava

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16
Q

What is Obsidian?

A

A dark coloured rock that reflects light like glass

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17
Q

What are Intrusive Rocks?

A

Rocks that are formed below the earths surface

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18
Q

What are Batholiths?

A

Rocks that span 100km across

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19
Q

What is Granite?

A

An igneous rock that has different coloured crystals on the outside of it

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20
Q

What are Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Rocks formed by particles of sediments and is cemented together under pressure

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21
Q

What are Metamorphic Rocks?

A

Rocks that are formed from other rocks because of intense pressure or heat or both

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22
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The wearing out of soil and rock by natural elements like water and wind

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23
Q

What is a Floodplain?

A

Flat land next to a river where sediments are left during a flood

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24
Q

What are Glaciers?

A

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes

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25
Q

What are Moraines?

A

Deposits of gravel, rocks and small particles that where formed by glaciers

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26
Q

What is Sandstone?

A

A sedimentary rock that is formed with sand that is cemented together by salts

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27
Q

What is Mudstone?

A

A rock formed by fine grains of soils

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28
Q

What is Shale?

A

Fine grained sedimentary rock that is made of clay

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29
Q

What is Siltstone?

A

A rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone?

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30
Q

What is Conglomerate?

A

A rock consisting of large sized particles cemented together

31
Q

What is Limestone?

A

A rock formed by deceased organisms

32
Q

What is Coal?

A

Rock formed by animal matter over millions of years

33
Q

What is Rock Salt?

A

A deposit of sodium usually from evaporated salt lakes

34
Q

What is Slate?

A

A rock formed by intensive heat and pressure

35
Q

What is Gneiss?

A

Rock formed by the pressurisation of granite

36
Q

What is a Mineral Ore?

A

A rock that has been mined to get a mineral or chemical from it

37
Q

What is Mining?

A

Extracting resources from the earth

38
Q

What is a Environmental Impact Statement?

A

A study on the effects of the impact mining might make on the environment

39
Q

What is Rehabilitated?

A

Restored to its previous state

40
Q

What is Overburden?

A

Waste rock below to topsoil

41
Q

What is Open Cut Mining?

A

Mining that removes layers of soil and rocks and making it an open pit

42
Q

What is Underground Mining?

A

Mining in a direct tunnel or shaft towards the minerals

43
Q

What is the Stone Age?

A

About 2 million years ago when humans began implementing Stone in tools and weapons

44
Q

What is Alloy?

A

A mixture of metal and a non metal or another metal

45
Q

What is Flint?

A

A fine grain sedimentary rock that leaves a sharp edge when broken

46
Q

What is Percussion Flaking?

A

Striking at flint or obsidian with rocks like quartzite to get large flakes to make small tools

47
Q

What is a Fossil?

A

The remains or trace of animal or plant life in the past

48
Q

What is Erosion?

A

The wearing out of soil and rock by natural elements like water and wind

49
Q

What is a Floodplain?

A

Flat land next to a river where sediments are left during a flood

50
Q

What are Glaciers?

A

Large bodies of ice that move down slopes

51
Q

What are Moraines?

A

Deposits of gravel, rocks and small particles that where formed by glaciers

52
Q

What is Sandstone?

A

A sedimentary rock that is formed with sand that is cemented together by salts

53
Q

What is Mudstone?

A

A rock formed by fine grains of soils

54
Q

What is Shale?

A

Fine grained sedimentary rock that is made of clay

55
Q

What is Siltstone?

A

A rock with a particle size between sandstone and mudstone?

56
Q

What is Conglomerate?

A

A rock consisting of large sized particles cemented together

57
Q

What is Limestone?

A

A rock formed by deceased organisms

58
Q

What is Coal?

A

Rock formed by animal matter over millions of years

59
Q

What is Rock Salt?

A

A deposit of sodium usually from evaporated salt lakes

60
Q

What is Slate?

A

A rock formed by intensive heat and pressure

61
Q

What is Gneiss?

A

Rock formed by the pressurisation of granite

62
Q

What is a Mineral Ore?

A

A rock that has been mined to get a mineral or chemical from it

63
Q

What is Mining?

A

Extracting resources from the earth

64
Q

What is a Environmental Impact Statement?

A

A study on the effects of the impact mining might make on the environment

65
Q

What is Rehabilitated?

A

Restored to its previous state

66
Q

What is Overburden?

A

Waste rock below to topsoil

67
Q

What is Open Cut Mining?

A

Mining that removes layers of soil and rocks and making it an open pit

68
Q

What is Underground Mining?

A

Mining in a direct tunnel or shaft towards the minerals

69
Q

What is the Stone Age?

A

About 2 million years ago when humans began implementing Stone in tools and weapons

70
Q

What is Alloy?

A

A mixture of metal and a non metal or another metal

71
Q

What is Flint?

A

A fine grain sedimentary rock that leaves a sharp edge when broken

72
Q

What is Percussion Flaking?

A

Striking at flint or obsidian with rocks like quartzite to get large flakes to make small tools

73
Q

What is a Fossil?

A

The remains or trace of animal or plant life in the past

Year 8 Science Semester 1 (4 decks)

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