Topic 9- Sleep and Dreaming

Question 1

Strengths and Weaknesses of Internal Influences of sleep

Answer 1

+Miles et al found blind man had bodily rhythm near 25 hours
+Li you Chen comfirmed melatonin is required for controlling sleep, for rats, sleep deprivation lowered melatonin levels
-Ungeneralisable- only applies to animals
-Individual differences to blindness

Question 2

External

Answer 2

+Practical applications- how people can sleep
+Mistberger and Skene- light is the main way for body rhythms to be synchronized
-Sleep wake cycle is 24hrs not 48
-Unnatural-cave with artificial light

Question 3

Siffre

Answer 3

+Lots of detailed data
+Longevity-reliability
-Ungeneralisable-doesn’t fit with astronauts
-Czeisler et al- used lower artificial lighting, sleep wake cycle close to 24hrs

Question 4

Freud’s theory of dreaming

Answer 4

+Validity-data was approved
+Guenole et al found people were stimulated by noises while asleep, and are more likely to dream
-Unscientific, ideas aren’t easily tested
-Ungeneralisable-Little hans analyzed unique individuals

Question 5

Little Hans

Answer 5

+Validity as lots of qualitative and quantitative data was gathered
+Scientific, data was carefully documented
-Biased demand characteristics as both parents knew about freuds theory
-Ungeneralisable

Question 6

Hobsons and McCarley Activation synthesis

Answer 6

+Scientific evidence- people showed REM when asleep
+Ethical uses animals
-Ungeneralisable- uses animals
-Ritterhouse, Stickgold and Hobson-found 30% out of 200 dreams made no sense, can retold it and made slightly more sense