Topic 9b: General Medical Conditions and the Athlete

Question 3

what vitamins can decrease the symptoms of the common cold?

Answer 3

vitamin C and zinc

Question 4

what is viral bronchitis caused by?

Answer 4

hemophilus influenza type A. B, C (most common is A)

Question 5

fever of what degrees is a symptom of the flu?

Answer 5

102-103F

Question 6

how fast does someone start to feel the symptoms of the flu?

Answer 6

24-48 hours of exposure

Question 7

management for influenza?

Answer 7

• rest and fluids
• cough meds and analgesics for pain and fever

Question 8

what should someone do if their fever does not go down from 103 within 24 hours of having fever?

Answer 8

refer to medical specialist

Question 9

what is sinusitis caused by?

Answer 9

inflammation of paranasal sinus
- blocks passage way between sinuses

• can be acute (under 30 days of lasting) or chronic (longer than 2 months) (between is subacute)

Question 10

symptoms of sinusitis

Answer 10

• congestion
• facial pain
• coloured mucus (purulent discharge) - more related to bacterial infection
• coughing
• eye swelling
• fever and chills

Question 11

management of sinusitis?

Answer 11

• physician referral (depends on extent of symptoms)
• rest and fluids

Question 12

cause of pharyngitis?

Answer 12

• strep throat or herpes symplex like cold sores, epsom bar syndrome
• diff causes lead to SAME symtpoms

Question 13

symtpoms of pharyngitis?

Answer 13

• dark and red throat
• swelling can cause pain in ears
• swollen lymph glands
• low fever
• runny nose

Question 14

what is pharyngitis?

Answer 14

viral, bacterial, or fungal infection of the pharynx, leading to a ‘sore throat’

Question 15

can you let a sore throat linger?

Answer 15

no, it can become septic so symptoms should be treated (analgesics and physician referral)

Question 16

tonsilitis

Question 17

what is allergic rhinitis (hay fever)?

Answer 17

caused by pollen, dust, mold

• antibodies will respond

Question 18

signs and symptoms of hay fever?

Answer 18

• itchy eyes, throat, mouth and nose
• watering eyes
• sinus-type headache

Question 19

management for hay fever

Answer 19

oral antihistamines and decongestants

Question 20

what can acute bronchitis cause?

Answer 20

pneumonia

Question 21

symptoms of acute bronchitis?

Answer 21

• yellowish mucus
• fever for 3-5 days
• cough which lingers
• nasal inflammation

Question 22

what is pneumonia?

Answer 22

• gas exchange will not be efficient in lungs
• alveolar and bronchiole infection
• compromised diaphragm

Question 23

signs and symptoms of pneumonia?

Answer 23

• pain when breathing
• yellow mucus

viral infections:
- low grade fever
- muscle aches
- nagging cough
- fatigue

Question 24

management of pneumonia?

Answer 24

• antiboiotics
• analgesics

viral:
- rest and fluids
- control other symptosm with medications

Question 25

can pneumonia progress?

Answer 25

yes, can even lead to death

Question 26

what is asthma triggered by?

Answer 26

- huge variety - range from someone having migraines, temp changes, dust, exercise - allergens - pollutants - cause unclear - narrowed airway

Question 27

signs and symptoms of asthma?

Answer 27

- shortness of breath - wheezing - tight chest - rapid fatigue

Question 28

management of asthma?

Answer 28

- most efficient is a puffer - cannot use other persons puffer

Question 29

what does asthma effect?

Answer 29

- bronchioles

Question 30

diabetes

Question 31

symptoms for diabetes?

Answer 31

- blurred vision - weight loss - sweet acetone smelling breath - hyperventilation - upset stomach - polyuria (frequent urination) - glycosuria (sweet pee)

Question 32

complications of diabetes? what can it cause?

Answer 32

- CVD (80% of diabetics will die from CVD; stroke or heart attack) - nerve damage (foot neuropathy, leg amputation) - something can happen and you wont notice which can result in negrosis which leads to amputation - kidney disease - blindness (diabetes is most common cause) - diabetic coma - insulin shock

Question 33

what causes diabetic coma?

Answer 33

hyperglycemia

Question 34

what is a diabetic coma?

Answer 34

- loss of sodium, potassium, and ketone bodies through excessive urination

Question 35

signs and symptoms of diabetic coma?

Answer 35

- labored breathing, fruity-smelling breath, nausea, vomiting, thirst

Question 37

how does exercise help diabetics?

Answer 37

- increases insulin action and enhances glucocse tolerance - vigorous activity - HR, glucose, diet and urinary response need to be considered

Question 38

What is epileps-p.

Answer 38

Used to describe symptoms of seizure

Question 39

What is a seizure?

Answer 39

Abnormal electrical discharge in the brain

Question 40

What causes and triggers a seizure

Answer 40

Idiopathic (unknown) Or causes that can provoke (traumatic) Ex. - Could be a brain tumour - stroke - infections - febrile - high fever - poor sleep and stress - poor nutrition and blood sugar - bright lights

Question 41

Three types of seizures

Answer 41

1. Partial 2. Generalized 3. Special epileptic syndrome - febrile

Question 42

What happens in simple partial seizures

Answer 42

Involuntary movement of face and limbs - numbers and tingling in limbs - temp loss of feeling or use of limbs - temp paralysis - one SPECIFIC part of brain, causing problems in specific part of body

Question 43

What does a complex partial seizure do?

Answer 43

Impairment of consciousness

Question 44

What is a tonic-clonic seizure

Answer 44

- more serious - stiff muscles and rhyming contraction - loss of consciousness

Question 45

After how long during a seizure should EMS be called?

Answer 45

5 min

Question 46

Symptoms of generalized seizures

Answer 46

- uncontrolled bowel -

Question 47

What is absence in seizures?

Answer 47

Characterized by slight loss of consciousness - more common in 4-8 year old children

Question 48

Can seizures be treated?

Answer 48

Yes with Medication

Question 49

How can exercise affect seizures?

Answer 49

-

Question 50

When do seizures more commonly happen?

Answer 50

When someone is idling, like sleeping. Or at end of competition - less common when exercising

Question 51

First aid for seizures

Answer 51

- make people feel comfortable and safe - protect from objects that cause injuries - padding under head - loosen restrictive equipment and clothing - do not restrain the athlete - do not place objects in the athletes mouth

Question 52

What to do after someone has a seizure?

Answer 52

- ABCs - put in recovery position - remain with athlete until consiousness fully regained - activate EMS of - first time seizure - continuous seizure - continuous successive seizure - athlete has been injured during seizure