Topic B2 Organisation and Enzymes and Digestive System

Question 1

Some organisms are made of lots of cells and to get a working organism these cells need to be organised, how are the ‘parts’ of an organisms organised?

Answer 1

subcellular structure
cells
tissues
organs
organ systems
organisms

Question 2

What are the two models of enzyme action?

Answer 2

Lock and Key
Induced Fit

Question 3

What is an enzyme?

Answer 3

Enzymes are large proteins which speed up reactions which act as catalysts which increase the speed of a reaction without being changed or used up in the reaction

Question 4

Digestive enzymes break down big molecules ,what is the enzyme which turns carbohydrates into ________?

Answer 4

Carbohydrates, for example amylase
With Amylase, starch is turned into Simple Sugars such as glucose

Question 5

Describe where amylase is made and where it works?

Answer 5

Amylase is made in the salivary glands, pancreas and small intestine
Works in the mouth and small intestine

Question 6

Digestive enzymes break down big molecules ,what is the enzyme which turns proteins into ________?

Answer 6

Proteins, for example protease
With protease, proteins are turned into amino acids

Question 7

Describe where protease is made and where it works?

Answer 7

Protease is made in the stomach, pancreas and small intestine
Works in the stomach and small intestine

Question 8

Digestive enzymes break down big molecules ,what is the enzyme which turns lipids into ________?

Answer 8

Lipids, for example lipase
With lipase, lipids are turned into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 9

Describe Bile?
-Where it is produced
-Where it is stored
-Where it is released
-What pH it is
-What is does
-Where it works best

Answer 9

Bile is produced in the liver
Stored in the gall bladder and released into the small intestine
Bile is alkaline
It neutralises hydrochloric acid in the stomach and makes conditions alkaline
It also emulsifies fats, breaking them down into tiny droplets, creating a large surface area which makes reaction faster
Works best in the small intestine in the alkaline conditions

Question 10

Describe how the villi in the digestion system is optimised?

Answer 10

Villi in the small intestine have a huge surface area for diffusion and a single layer of cells for an optimised pathway for diffusion and a good blood supply to maintain a concentration gradient and there are also microvilli which increase the surface area even more

Question 11

Describe the order of the digestive system?

Answer 11

Mouth
Oesophagus
Stomach
Small Intestine
Large Intestine
Rectum
Anus

Question 12

In terms of the digestive system, what happens in the mouth

Answer 12

Teeth chew the food, increasing its surface area
Salivary glands release amylase

Question 13

In terms of the digestive system, what happens in the pancreas

Answer 13

Pancreas releases pancreatic juices (amylase,protease,lipase) into the small intestine

Question 14

In terms of the digestive system, what happens in the gall bladder

Answer 14

Gall bladder releases bile to neutralise acid and emulsify acids