Topic D (Plant Reproduction)

Question 1

Mitosis in plants

Answer 1

Cell division resulting in exact copies

Question 2

Meiosis in plants

Answer 2

Cell division resulting in pollen/eggs

Question 3

What does sexual reproduction result in?

Answer 3

Genetic variation

Question 4

Male parts of the plant(2)

Answer 4

1) Anther 2) Filament

Question 5

What is the group name for the male parts of the plant?

Answer 5

Stamen

Question 6

Female parts of the plant(3)

Answer 6

1) Ovary 2) Style 3) Stigma

Question 7

What is the collective name for female parts of the plant?

Answer 7

Carpel

Question 8

Anther

Answer 8

Pollen grains

Question 9

Filament

Answer 9

Small stalk, which supports the anthers

Question 10

Stigma

Answer 10

End bit of the style where pollen grains can be attached to

Question 11

Style

Answer 11

Rod like section, which supports the stigma

Question 12

Ovary

Answer 12

Contains the female gametes inside the ovules

Question 13

Pollination

Answer 13

Transfer of pollen from anther to a stigma for fertilization

Question 14

Cross-pollination

Answer 14

Type of sexual reproduction where pollen of one plant transferred to the stigma of another

Question 15

What do plants which use cross pollination rely on?

Answer 15

Wind or insects

Question 16

Haploid

Answer 16

A cell which contain half of genetic material

Question 17

Adaptations of plants for insect pollination (4)

Answer 17

1) Bright colored 2) Nectaries 3) Big, sticky pollen grains 4) Sticky stigma

Question 18

Adaptations of plants for wind pollination (5)

Answer 18

1) Small, dull petals 2) No nectaries 3) A lot of small, light pollen grains 4) Long filaments, which hang outside the flower 5) Large stigma

Question 19

Process of fertilisation in plants (4)

Answer 19

A pollen grain lands on a stigma –> a pollen tube grows out of a pollen grain into ovule –> The male nucleus meets the female gamete

Question 20

How are pollen grains delivered to a stigma?

Answer 20

By wind or insects

Question 21

From where to where and through what, does the pollen tube grow?

Answer 21

Pollen grain –> Style –> Ovary -> Ovule

Question 22

What does ovary develop into?

Answer 22

Fruit

Question 23

What does ovule develop into?

Answer 23

Seed

Question 24

What does ovum develop into?

Answer 24

Embryo

Question 25

Where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 25

Inside Ovules

Question 26

What will happen to the seed before the correct conditions are reached?

Answer 26

In will remain dormant

Question 27

What conditions are needed to start germination? (3)

Answer 27

1) Water 2) Oxygen 3) Temperature

Question 28

Why is water needed for a plant seed to activate?

Answer 28

It activates the enzymes that break down the food in the seed

Question 29

Why is oxygen needed for a plant seed to germinate?

Answer 29

Respiration, which provides energy to grow

Question 30

Why is correct temperature needed for a plant seed to germinate?

Answer 30

Provide optimum temp for growth + enzymes, different for different plant types

Question 31

Life cycle of a plant (8 stages)

Answer 31

Pollination --> Fertilisation --> Seed formation --> Seed disposal --> Dormant period --> Germination --> Growth of the new plant --> Formation of pollen and ovaries

Question 32

Main advantage of sexual reproduction

Answer 32

Genetic variation

Question 33

Why genetic variation an advantage?

Answer 33

There will always be individuals suited for the environment

Question 34

Features of asexual reproduction (2)

Answer 34

1) Doesn't result in genetic variation 2) Happens very quickly

Question 35

What are runners?

Answer 35

Fast growing stems

Question 36

Where from do runners grow?

Answer 36

Parent plant

Question 37

Which way do the runners grow?

Answer 37

Sideways

Question 38

Describe the differences between a parent plant and new plant produced by runners

Answer 38

Clones, No genetic variation

Question 39

How does cloning of plants work?

Answer 39

Cuttings taken from a parent plant, which produces identical copies

Question 40

Process of germination (6)

Answer 40

Absorption of water --> water activates the enzymes --> enzymes digest starch into simple sugars --> root and stem will grow --> Leaves appear --> Photosynthesis

Question 41

How does the plant absorb water?

Answer 41

Through micropyle