Topic For finals

Question 1

It describes the anterolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly.

Answer 1

Protraction

Question 2

In practice, this is the movement of ‘REACHING OUT’ to something.

Answer 2

Protraction

Question 3

It refers to the posteromedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall, which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly i.e. picking something up.

Answer 3

Retraction

Question 4

It can be defined as a conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled.

Answer 4

Circumduction

Question 5

It is sometimes talked about as a circular motion, but is more accurately conical due to the ‘cone’ formed by the moving limb.

Answer 5

Circumduction

Question 6

brings the thumb and little finger together.

Answer 6

Opposition

Question 7

is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other, effectively reversing opposition.

Answer 7

Reposition

Question 8

It involves the movement of the sole towards the median plane – so that the sole faces in a medial direction.

Answer 8

Inversion

Question 9

It involves the movement of the sole away from the median plane – so that the sole faces in a lateral direction.

Answer 9

Eversion

Question 10

It refers to flexion at the ankle, so that the foot points more superiorly.

Answer 10

Dorsiflexion

Question 11

Dorsiflexion of the hand is a confusing term, and so is rarely used. The dorsum of the hand is the posterior surface, and so movement in that direction is extension. Therefore we can say that dorsiflexion of the wrist is the same as extension.

Answer 11

Dorsiflexion

Question 12

It refers extension at the ankle, so that the foot points inferiorly. Similarly there is a term for the hand, which is palmarflexion.

Answer 12

Plantarflexion

Question 13

Plantarflexion, similarly there is a term for the hand, which is called _____?

Answer 13

palmarflexion.

Question 14

This is easily confused with medial and lateral rotation, but the difference is subtle. With your hand resting on a table in front of you, and keeping your shoulder and elbow still, turn your hand onto its back, palm up. This is the supine position, and so this movement is ____?

Answer 14

supination

Question 15

keeping the elbow and shoulder still, flip your hand onto its front, palm down. This is the prone position, and so this movement is named _______?.

Answer 15

pronation

Question 16

These terms also apply to the whole body – when lying flat on the back, the body is supine. When lying flat on the front, the body is prone.

Answer 16

pronation

Question 17

refers to movement in a superior direction (e.g. shoulder shrug),

Answer 17

Elevation

Question 18

refers to movement in an inferior direction.

Answer 18

Depression

Question 19

is a rotational movement towards the midline. It is sometimes referred to as internal rotation. To understand this, we have two scenarios to imagine. Firstly, with a straight leg, rotate it to point the toes inward. This is medial rotation of the hip.

Answer 19

Medial rotation

Question 20

is a rotating movement away from the midline. This is in the opposite direction to the movements described above.

Answer 20

Lateral rotation

Question 21

is a movement away from the midline – just as abducting someone is to take them away.

Answer 21

Abduction

Question 22

For example, the shoulder raises the arms out to the sides of the body.

Answer 22

abduction

Question 23

is a movement towards the midline. ______ of the hip squeezes the legs together.
In fingers and toes, the midline used is not the midline of the body, but of the hand and foot respectively. Therefore, abducting the fingers spreads them out.

Answer 23

Adduction

Question 24

refers to a movement that decreases the angle between two body parts.

Answer 24

Flexion

Question 25

at the elbow is decreasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. When the knee flexes, the ankle moves closer to the buttock, and the angle between the femur and tibia gets smaller.

Answer 25

Flexion

Question 26

refers to a movement that increases the angle between two body parts. Extension at the elbow is increasing the angle between the ulna and the humerus. Extension of the knee straightens the lower limb.

Answer 26

Extension

Question 27

Anatomical terms of movement are used to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton.

Answer 27

Anatomical Movement

Question 28

 are used to describe the actions of muscles upon the skeleton.

Answer 28

Anatomical terms of movement

Question 29

Sagittal plane through the midline of the body; divides the body or any of its parts into right and left halves.

Answer 29

Median Plane

Question 30

is a horizontal plane. It divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) portions. In anatomy, they are also referred to as a cross section.

Answer 30

transverse plane

Question 31

Another term of Transverse Plane

Answer 31

Axial Plane

Question 32

It divides the body into ______ (upper) and _____ (lower) portions

Answer 32

superior (upper) inferior (lower)

Question 33

In anatomy, they are also referred to as a cross section.

Answer 33

Axial Plane (transverse plane)

Question 34

is also a vertical plane that splits the body into left and right parts.

Answer 34

sagittal plane

Question 35

that runs directly through the midline is also called the midsagittal plane or median plane.

Answer 35

A sagittal plane

Question 36

Another term of sagittal

Answer 36

(lateral plane)

Question 37

is a vertical plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts. -vertical plane running from side to side;

Answer 37

The coronal plane

Question 38

The coronal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into ___ (front) and ____ (back) parts.

Answer 38

anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

Question 39

are imaginary planes or flat surfaces that cut through and section the body in its anatomical position.

Answer 39

Body planes

Question 40

refers towards the front of the brain

Answer 40

Frontal

Question 41

means towards the back of the brain.

Answer 41

occipital

Question 42

The Frontal lobe is _____ to the Occipital Lobe.

Answer 42

Anterior

Question 43

The Occipital Lobe is ___ to the Frontal Lobe

Answer 43

Posterior

Question 44

Sometimes known as superficial, it denotes towards the surface.

Answer 44

external

Question 45

is also known as deep and denotes that it is away from the body surface.

Answer 45

Internal

Question 46

Is upwards or towards the vertex/top of the head whereas

Answer 46

Superior

Question 47

It indicates the opposite: below or towards the feet.

Answer 47

inferior

Question 48

is towards the median

Answer 48

Medial

Question 49

is away from the median and towards the side of the body.

Answer 49

lateral

Question 50

is an imaginary line down the middle of the body that splits the body into equal left and right parts.

Answer 50

Median or midline

Question 51

It indicates that it is away or farthest away from the trunk of the body or the point of origin of the body part.

Answer 51

Distal

Question 52

means that it is closest or towards the trunk of the body or point of origin.

Answer 52

Proximal

Question 53

indicates to the “right side of”

Answer 53

Right

Question 54

It indicates to the “left side of”.

Answer 54

Left

Question 55

It denotes towards the front of the body.

Answer 55

Ventral

Question 56

means towards the back of the body.

Answer 56

Dorsal

Question 57

It indicates that the body part in question is “in front of” or “front”.

Answer 57

Anterior

Question 58

It indicates that it is “in behind of” or “behind”.

Answer 58

Posterior

Question 59

It represent a universally accepted language of anatomy, allowing precise communication between anatomists and health professionals. The terms used to explain anatomical positioning are described in relation to one standard position called the anatomical position.

Answer 59

Anatomical directional terms and body planes

Question 60

The terms used to explain anatomical positioning are described in relation to one standard position called the ?

Answer 60

anatomical position.