Topic One

Question 1

How do you calculate a microscope magnification

Answer 1

You multiply the eyepiece lens by the objective lens

Question 2

What was magnification of Hookes microscope

Answer 2

30x

Question 3

What is resolution in microscope

Answer 3

The smallest distance between two points that can still be seen as two points

Question 4

What is an electron microscope

Answer 4

A microscope that uses beams of electrons to pass through a specimen to build an image. These have really high magnification which means that the resolution is very clear

Question 5

How many micro meters in 1 mm

Answer 5

1000 micro metres(µm)

Question 6

How many nanometres in 1 mm

Answer 6

1,000,000

Question 7

How many mm in 1metre

Answer 7

1000mm

Question 8

How many pico meters in 1 mm

Answer 8

1,000,000,000

Question 9

Robert Brown 1828

Answer 9

Examined cells from a surface of a leaf and noticed that they each contain a small blob. He called this the nucleus

Question 10

A cell with a nucleus

Answer 10

Eukaryotic

Question 11

What does the cell membrane do

Answer 11

Controls what enters and leaves the cell on separate one cell from another

Question 12

What happens in the cytoplasm

Answer 12

Where the cells activities and reactions occur

Question 13

What do mitochondria do

Answer 13

This is where aerobic respiration occurs and they provide energy

Question 14

What does the nucleus do

Answer 14

The nucleus controls the cell and has DNA inside of it

Question 15

What do ribosomes do

Answer 15

These make new proteins for a cell

Question 16

What do animal cells have in them

Answer 16

Nucleus, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, mitochondria.

Question 17

What do plant cells have in them

Answer 17

Nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplast, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes.

Question 18

Specialised cells

Answer 18

Are adapted to their function is

Question 19

How are the cells that line the small intestine adapted for digestion

Answer 19

They have microvilli which have lots of folds that increase the surface area of the cell which means that the absorption of molecules is faster.
The walls of the small intestine have muscles to squeeze food along.

These are adapted by having lots of mitochondria because they need energy

Question 20

How are pancreatic cells adapted for digestion

Answer 20

They have lots of ribosome is so that they can produce enzymes which are proteins

Question 21

How are gametes specialised for reproduction

Answer 21

Gametes just have one copy of the types of Chromosome. This means they are haploid cells, and can fuse to make a complete diploid egg

Question 22

How are the oviduct cells adapted for fertilisation

Answer 22

They have hair like cilia which wave from side to side that carry the egg along the oviduct.



Question 23

Cell without a nucleus

Answer 23

Prokaryotic

Question 24

What does the cytoplasm of a bacteria cell contain

Answer 24

One large loop of chromosomal DNA and smaller loops of DNA called plasmids which control a few of the cells activities. Bacteria cells don’t have mitochondria or chloroplasts

Question 25

What do bacteria cells have in them usually

Answer 25

Flagellum for movement Plasmids and chromosomal DNA Slime coat for protection Flexible cell wall that’s not made out of cellulose for support Cell membrane Cytoplasm that has ribosomes in it

Question 26

What does protein breakdown into

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

What does starch breakdown into

Answer 27

Glucose

Question 28

What do lipids breakdown into

Answer 28

Fatty acids and glycerol

Question 29

Describe an enzyme

Answer 29

Enzymes are biological catalysts that increase the rate of reactions. They work on substances called substrate and produce products. Enzymes are proteins.

Question 30

Amylase

Answer 30

Found in saliva and the small in testing and breaks down starch to small sugars like maltose

Question 31

Catalase

Answer 31

Found in most cells but especially in liver cells and breaks down hydrogen peroxide made in cell reactions to water and oxygen

Question 32

Carbohydrase

Answer 32

Breaks down carbohydrates into glucose

Question 33

Protease

Answer 33

Breaks down proteins into amino acid

Question 34

Lipase

Answer 34

Breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids

Question 35

What is the test for starch

Answer 35

Iodine turns blue or black if it’s positive for starch from its original colour of orange This is a qualitative test

Question 36

What is the test for sugar

Answer 36

Benedict’s solution turns green or orange or red depending on the amount of reducing sugar from its original colour of blue This is a semi qualitative test

Question 37

What is the test for protein

Answer 37

Biuret turns different shades of violet depending on the quantity of protein in the substance this is a semi qualitative test Biuret is blue originally

Question 38

What is the test for lipids or fat

Answer 38

The emotion test – dissolve fats and ethanol and then put into water it will turn cloudy if the fats are present

Question 39

What is calorimetry

Answer 39

When we heat food by burning and measure the energy released to figure out how much energy is in food. Energy transferred is equal to the mass of water x 4.2 x temperature rise

Question 40

What is a more accurate way of measuring the amount of energy in food

Answer 40

By using a calorimeter that has insulation to have more accurate results

Question 41

Explain how enzymes work

Answer 41

Enzymes have an optimum temperature and an optimum pH level. They have an active site that is shaped specifically for a substrate to bind with it. Enzymes can either find substrates together or reduce them to smaller pieces. When the substrate fits into the active site this is called the enzyme substrate complex. High temperatures or high pH levels can denature the enzyme so the active site becomes altered. When substrate concentration increases so does enzyme activity

Question 42

Example of active transport in animals

Answer 42

Glucose gets absorbed into the blood from the small intestine which is from a low to high concentration and uses carrier proteins and energy

Question 43

Example of active transport in plants

Answer 43

Minerals are absorbed into root hair cells from the low concentration in the soil to the high concentration in the cell so it has a lot of mitochondria to do this