Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biol 1070 > Topic Test 2 > Flashcards

Topic Test 2 Flashcards

(70 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is a population

A

a collection of individuals of a single species within a defined area at a specified point in time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How are populations dynamic

A

they change over time (ie. in the number of individuals)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is exponential growth in relation to ecology

A

occurs when a population grows at a constant rate with no limiting factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is doubling time

A

the duration it takes for a population to double in size, reflecting the rate at which individuals reproduce and contribute to population growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Can exponential growth continue forever

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is logistic growth

A

occurs when a population grows at a decreasing rate as it approaches its carrying capacity (explains why exponential growth does not go on forever)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is carrying capacity

A

the maximum population size of a given species that can be supported by a particular environment over a sustained period of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What determines carrying capacity

A

the resources available in that environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is carrying capacity a form of

A

density dependance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is density dependance

A

the growth, mortality, or other vital rates of a population are influenced by that populations density or size
- as density increases, impact of these factors also increases, slowing growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are some examples of biotic factors that limit growth

A

limited resources, predation, disease, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What type of factors are often density-independent and impact growth

A

abiotic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are examples of abiotic factors that limit population

A

extreme weather, natural disasters, climate, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the term for when a species evolves somewhere and is only found in that region

A

endemism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the term for when a species evolves elsewhere and expands its range to include the new area

A

range expansion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the term for when a species evolves elsewhere and used to be found elsewhere, but the range shifted to include only the current area and not the former area

A

range shift

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the term for when a species arrived from somewhere else not nearby

A

dispersal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the term for when a species evolved under certain environmental conditions and the physical landscape itself moved, thus exposing those species to different conditions (ie. insertion of a mountain range through a range)

A

vicariance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the two base explanations for why a species isn’t where it isn’t

A
  1. hasn’t arrived to new space yet
  2. cannot survive in the new space
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment in transplant experiments

A

transplanting outside of current range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is the control in transplant experiments

A

transplant inside of the current range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What would prevent a species from surviving when transplanted in terms of abiotic factors

A

pH, temp, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would prevent a species from surviving when transplanted in terms of biotic factors

A

eg. predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What shapes a species distribution

A

its ecological niche

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is an ecological niche
the position of a species within an ecosystem, describing both the range of there conditions necessary for persistence of the species, and its ecological role in the ecosystem
26
What is the range of tolerance of a species
the range of environmental conditions within which an organism can survive, grow, and reproduce
27
The range of tolerance determines _________________ _____________
fundamental niche
28
What is the realized niche
where a species could ACTUALLY live
29
What factors impact fundamental niche
abiotic
30
What factors impact realized niche
biotic
31
The _______________ niche is the potential range, and the _______________ niche is the actual range
potential range = fundamental niche actual range = realized niche
32
What is mutualism a type of
symbiosis
33
What is competition between species
competition is the interaction between two species where the increased abundance of any one species causes the abundance or growth of the other species to decrease
34
What is the completive exclusion principle
if two species with identical niches compete, one will inevitably drive the other to extinction
35
What is exploitive competition
refers to the "indirect" competition between individuals or species for limited resources within an environment (fighting over same resource)
36
What is interference competition
refers to "direct" interactions between individuals or species that impede the access of competitors to essential resources (fighting one another directly)
37
In order for competition to meet the definitions, must occur in both directions
negative impact must go both ways
38
What is temporary coexistence
2 competitors live in the same area but at lower numbers (reduced carrying capacity)
39
What is competitive exclusion
one species eventually disappears from the area
40
What is niche partitioning
both species continue to co-exist but they diverge to occupy slightly different ecological niches within the shared habitat (change in realized niche)
41
If niche partitioning leads to evolutionary change, what is it called
character displacement
42
When two species have a positive impact on one another, what is that called
mutualism
43
When one species positively impacts another species, but that species is negatively impacting the original species, what is that called
consumption (ie. predation, parasitism, herbivory)
44
If both species negatively impact one another, what is that called
competition
45
What is commensalism
one species impacts another in a positive way, but that species has no impact (good or bad) on the initial species
46
What is amensalism
one species impacts another negatively, but that species has no impact (good or bad) on the initial species
47
What is interaction strength
refers to the influence or impact of one species on another within a community or ecosystem
48
What is topology
who eats who
49
What is an example of indirect interaction
increasing ones species abundance can directly impact prey abundance lower in the food chain (ie increase in humans decrease levels of Atlantic cod due to fishing, subsequently increasing schooling fish levels)
50
What is bioaccumulation
the build-up of substances such as pollutants or toxins in the tissues or organs of living organisms over time
51
What is biomagnification
refers to the process by which the concentration of certain substances such as pollutants or toxins increases as they move up the food chain
52
How is an ecosystem more stable
more species
53
How is an ecosystem less stable
less species
54
What is the principle of ecological efficiency
only a fraction of the energy and biomass at each trophic level is transferred to the next level
55
Can nutrients get "lost"
no, they cycle constantly
56
What is a perturbation
any temporary or permanent change in the conditions in an ecosystem that disrupts its normal functioning or structure
57
What is a community
collection of species (each of their own population) living in a given area at a point in time
58
What is succession
the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time
59
What is extirpation
the local extinction of a population on a habitat patch (not fully extinct, just to that area)
60
What is a climax community
a stable community that has reached a relatively steady state through the process of ecological succession
61
What is primary succession
occurs in a newly formed previously uninhabited area with no soil (ie. after a volcanic eruption)
62
What is secondary succession
occurs in an area that has been disturbed but still has a soil layer and some organic matter (ie. after a forest fire)
63
What is alpha diversity
quantifies number of different species in a given area (measured as species richness)
64
What is the trend with species richness (alpha diversity) and size of area examined
the larger the area examined, the larger the species richness will be - "species-area relationship"
65
What is species evenness
measures the relative abundance of the different species in a given area
66
What is the Shannon Diversity Index
incorporates both species richness and relative abundance
67
What is the relationship of Shannon Diversity Index values
the higher the value, the greater the species richness and evenness
68
What is gamma diversity
total number of species across two habitats
69
What is beta diversity
quantifies only the differences between two habitats (like a Venn diagram)
70
What are the 5 important biodiversity metrics
species richness = alpha diversity species evenness = relative abundance species evenness and richness = SDI species difference between habitats = beta species richness across all habitats = gamma

Biol 1070 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions