topic three

Question 1

What is monitoring?

Answer 1

keeping track of chemicals or populations in the environment to ensure they are at safe levels

Question 2

What is the function of the ozone layer?

Answer 2

To shield earth from damaging ultraviolet rays from the sun

Question 3

5 categories of water

Answer 3

human drinking water
recreation
livestock drinking water
irrigation
protection of aquatic life

Question 4

Biological indicators of water quality

Answer 4

microbiological- seeing the amount of microscopic organisms and the type to know if the water is safe
aquatic- invertebrates can be used to indicate the water quality since some prefer different conditions ( dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature)

Question 5

When will there be less organisms in a water source?

Answer 5

more acidity, less dissolved oxygen

Question 6

What does ppm mean?

Answer 6

Parts per million
1 ppm means there is 1 part chemical to 1 million units of solution

Question 7

What can create differences in the amount of dissolved oxygen there is?

Answer 7

temperature (cold water more oxygen)
turbulence (more oxygen in more turbulent)
amount of photosynthesis
number of organisms (organisms consume oxygen)
5ppm of oxygen will support most organisms

Question 8

higher concentrations of phosphorus and nitrogen will lead to….

Answer 8

more algae and green plants and eventually more dead matter
dissolved oxygen decreases

Question 9

what is spring acid shock?

Answer 9

when acid builds up in the snow and then released into he waterways as it melts- dramatic drop in pH

Question 10

How do we measure toxicity?

Answer 10

LD50
this indicates the amount of the substance that will kill 50% of the population

Question 11

What is a heavy metal and why is it dangerous?

Answer 11

anything greater than 5g/cm is considered a heavy metal
they are very toxic

Question 12

True or false- rain, water, and hail provide the earth with new sources of water

Answer 12

FALSE

Question 13

True or false- humans eat more water than they drink

Answer 13

FALSE

Question 14

True or false- water can dissolve more substances than any liquid

Answer 14

TRUE

Question 15

True or false- water is the only naturally occuring substance on earth found as a solid, liquid, and a gas

Answer 15

TRUE

Question 16

True or false- falling raindrops are shaped like tears

Answer 16

FALSE

Question 17

True or false- the purest possible water is what aquatic life depends on for health

Answer 17

FALSE

Question 18

True or false- the greatest home use of water is drinking

Answer 18

FALSE

Question 19

True or false- water gets smaller as it freezes

Answer 19

FALSE

Question 20

True or false- 3% of earths water is freshwater

Answer 20

TRUE

Question 21

True or false- the largest freshwater lake in Canada is Lake superior

Answer 21

FALSE

Question 22

What is air made up of?

Answer 22

78% nitrogen
21% oxygen
1% argon
and other traces of gas

Question 23

Sulfur dioxide

Answer 23

comes from industrial processes
creates smog and acid rain
scrubbers can remove it

Question 24

Nitrogen oxides

Answer 24

formed mainly by fossil fuel emissions
gives smog a brown colour
affect respiratory system and eyes

Question 25

Carbon monoxide

Answer 25

silent killer (colourless odourless) formed from combustion catalytic converters use platinum and palladium to make CO2 out of CO

Question 26

ground level ozone

Answer 26

formed from chemical reactions pollutant- affects peoples lungs, eyes, etc affects crops

Question 27

Why are greenhouse gases bad?

Answer 27

They contribute to global warming

Question 28

what is happening to the ozone layer?

Answer 28

it is getting thinner, some places are so thin they are called holes this can harm people

Question 29

3 stages of air transport

Answer 29

release of chemical at its source dispersion deposition

Question 30

ground water

Answer 30

all space between soil grains is filled with water the top of this zone is called the water table moves slowly tiny spaces- pores

Question 31

permeable vs impermeable

Answer 31

permeable- loosely packed impermeable- tightly packed

Question 32

what is leachate?

Answer 32

water moving through the soil that contains dissolved substances

Question 33

what is dispersion?

Answer 33

scattering of substance away from the source

Question 34

what is dilution?

Answer 34

mixes the pollutant with water or air

Question 35

What is biodegradtion?

Answer 35

worms, fungi, bacteria breaking down substances (nature trying to clean itself up) temperature, moisture, acidity, oxygen, and nutrients affect biodegradtion

Question 36

aerobic vs anaerobic

Answer 36

aerobic- oxygen is required anaerobic- oxygen is NOT required

Question 37

what is phytoremediation?

Answer 37

using plants to reduce the concentration of chemicals in groundwater they pick them up so they can b disposed of properly

Question 38

what is photolysis?

Answer 38

breakdown of substances due to the exposure of light

Question 39

What is biomagnification?

Answer 39

the increase in concentration of a chemical as it moves up the food chain