Topic1 Enzymes

Question 1

active site

Answer 1

The part of the enzyme to which a specific substrate can attach or fit on to.

Question 2

amino acid

Answer 2

The building blocks that make up a protein molecule.

Question 3

Benedict’s solution

Answer 3

A solution that can be used to test for the presence of a reducing sugar (or the presence of an aldehyde group).

Question 4

Biuret reagent

Answer 4

Chemical which turns purple or mauve in the presence of protein.

Question 5

calorimeter

Answer 5

A machine used to measure the energy involved in a chemical process.

Question 6

calorimetry

Answer 6

Measuring the amount of heat given out or taken in by a process, such as the combustion of a fuel.

Question 7

carbohydrate

Answer 7

Food belonging to the food group consisting of sugars, starch and cellulose. Carbohydrates are vital for energy in humans and are stored as fat if eaten in excess. In plants, carbohydrates are important for photosynthesis.

Question 8

catalyst

Answer 8

A substance that changes the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed by the reaction itself

Question 9

collagen

Answer 9

The most common protein found in connective tissue of animals.

Question 10

concentration

Answer 10

The concentration of a solution tells us how much of a substance is dissolved in water. The higher the concentration, the more particles of the substance are present.

Question 11

emulsion

Answer 11

Cloudy mixture formed between a lipid and water.

Question 12

enzyme

Answer 12

A protein which catalyses or speeds up a chemical reaction.

Question 13

fats

Answer 13

Naturally occurring compounds of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are esters made from fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 14

fructose

Answer 14

A monosaccharide which joins with glucose to make sucrose.

Question 15

glucose

Answer 15

A simple sugar used by cells for respiration.

Question 16

glycerol

Answer 16

A soluble carbohydrate which is coverted into glucose by the liver.

Question 17

glycogen

Answer 17

The storage form of glucose in animal cells.

Question 18

haemoglobin

Answer 18

The red protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen round the body.

Question 19

iodine solution

Answer 19

A solution of iodine in potassium iodide solution, also referred to as potassium triiodide solution.

Question 20

joules

Answer 20

The unit of work or energy, written as J.

Question 21

keratin

Answer 21

A fibrous protein found in hair and fur.

Question 22

lipid

Answer 22

Fat or oils, composed of fatty acids and glycerol.

Question 23

lock and key

Answer 23

Two different substrates fit into the active site of the enzyme and produce one product molecules

Question 24

metabolism

Answer 24

All the chemical reactions in the cells of an organism, including respiration.

Question 25

oils

Answer 25

Natural substances produced from the reaction of glycerol with fatty acids.

Question 26

optimum

Answer 26

The best or most appropriate - for instance, the conditions under which an enzyme works best (eg temperature and pH).

Question 27

pH

Answer 27

Scale of acidity or alkalinity. A pH (power of hydrogen) value below 7 is acidic, a pH value above 7 is alkaline.

Question 28

protein

Answer 28

Organic compound made up of amino acid molecules. One of the three main food groups, proteins are needed by the body for cell growth and repair.

Question 29

substrate

Answer 29

A substance on which enzymes act.

Question 30

sucrose

Answer 30

A disaccharide made from glucose and fructose. It is used as table sugar.

Question 31

synthesise

Answer 31

To construct a larger biological molecule from smaller ones.

Question 32

Protein is broken down into

Answer 32

Amino acids

Question 33

Starch is broken down into

Answer 33

Glucose

Question 34

Lipids are broken down into

Answer 34

Fatty acids

Question 35

Complex carbohydrates and protein are both

Answer 35

Polymers because they are made up of many similar small molecules.