topic2 Flashcards
Draw a diagram of an animal cell
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Centrioles
Lysosomes
Golgi apparatus
Mitochondria
Smooth end Opals ich reticulum
Rough end Opals ich reticulum
Function of centrioles
Makes spindle fibres in cell division
Function of lysosomes
Contains digestive enzymes
Destroys old organelles and pathogens
Function of Golgi apparatus
Modifies proteins and packages them in vesicles for transport
Function of smooth ER
Lipids made there
Function of rough ER
Proteins are made there
Function of nucleolus
Ribosomes are made there
Draw a diagram of a plant cell
Common stains and their purposes
Iodine solution- stains starch blue- black
Ethanoic orcein- stains DNA reddish- purple
Methylene blue- stains nuclei and chromosomes blue
Phoroglucinol- stains lignin in plant cells red
What are the types of viruses
DNA viruses
RNA viruses
Retroviruses
What are DNA viruses
Contain DNA which acts as a template for making new DNA and mRNA to make viral proteins eg lambda phage
What are RNA viruses
Contain RNA and make new RNA from it eg Ebola and tobacco mosaic virus
What are retroviruses
Special type of RNA viruses. They contain RNA which produces reverse transcriptase which makes DNA versions of RNA genome. Then this DNA us incorporated into the host and used to make more viral proteins eg HIV + they have Lipoids envelope as well as capsid
Lytic cycle
Phage gets attached to the surface of the host
Virus gets genetic material into the host
Phage DNA replicates and phage proteins are made
Maturation: new phage particles are assembled
Lysis: cell lyses releases the newly made pathogens
Lysogenic cycle
Phage infects the cell
Phage dna becomes incorporated into host genome
Cell divides and prophage DNA is passed on to daughter cell
Retrovirus cycle
HIV attaches to host T- cell on receptor
HIV fuses with T- cell
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Prevention of spread of the virus
Affected areas should be isolated
Patients should be quarantined
Protective equipment: masks, goggles, gloves should be worn
Not contacting with bodily fluids
