Topic4 Circulatory & Breathing Systems

Question 1

What is the circulatory system made up of?

Answer 1

The heart, veins, blood vessels, arteries, capillaries, blood, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, plasma

Question 2

Why do we need a circulatory system?

Answer 2

-So that the heart pumps blood and oxygen around the body.
-Carries oxygen and glucose to our cells for respiration.
- removes carbon dioxide from our cells to our lungs.
- removes lactic acid from our cells.

Question 3

Why do we need a circulatory system?

Answer 3

-So that the heart pumps blood and oxygen around the body.
-Carries oxygen and glucose to our cells for respiration.
- removes carbon dioxide from our cells to our lungs.
- removes lactic acid from our cells.

Question 4

What tissue is the wall of the heart made out of?

Answer 4

Cardiac muscle tissue

Question 5

How many chambers are in the heart?

Answer 5

Four.

Question 6

Which side of the heart deals with oxygenated blood?

Answer 6

Left.

Question 7

Where is oxygenated blood received from?

Answer 7

The lungs, which is then pumped to other body organs.

Question 8

Which side of the heart deals with de-oxygenated blood?

Answer 8

Right

Question 9

Where is de-oxygenated blood received from?

Answer 9

From body organs, which is then pumped to the lungs.

Question 10

Where is de-oxygenated blood received from?

Answer 10

From body organs, which is then pumped to the lungs.

Question 11

What are the function of valves?

Answer 11

Open and closes in order to ensure blood flows in one direction and doesn’t flow back wards.

Question 12

What is the journey of blood through the heart?

Answer 12

1.) vena cava 2.) right atrium 3.) right ventricle 4.) pulmonary artery 5.) lungs 6.) pulmonary veins 7.) left atrium 8.) left ventricle 9) aorta

Question 13

What are the three blood vessels?

Answer 13

Arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 14

Describe an artery and give the function

Answer 14

-They have thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibers.
-Able to stretch and recoil
-carries blood away from the heart to the organs

Question 15

Describe a vein and give the function.

Answer 15

-carries blood away from the organs to the heart (blood is usually de-oxygenated)
-has a thin muscular wall to help prevent backflow

Question 16

Describe a capillary and give the function

Answer 16

-enables substances to diffuse out of blood and into cells.
-narrow with very thin walls (for gas exchange)

Question 17

What are the adaptations for red blood cells?

Answer 17

They are bioconcave, so it has a large surface area for diffusion.
They have no nucleus so more space for hemoglobin which binds oxygen.

Question 18

What are the adaptations of white blood cells?

Answer 18

Contains a nucleus

Question 19

What are the functions for platelets?

Answer 19

Helps blood to clot which leads to scabs
Prevents bacteria entering wounds so it doesn’t get infected

Question 20

What are the adaptations for platelets?

Answer 20

No nucleus
Small fragments of cells

Question 21

What is the function of plasma?

Answer 21

Transports blood cells all over the body.

Question 22

What are the adaptations for plasma?

Answer 22

Yellow liquid containing blood cells

Question 23

What do phagocytes do?

Answer 23

They have a lobed nucleus and ingest and digest microbes

Question 24

What do lymphocytes do?

Answer 24

They have a large nucleus and they make antibodies and anti-toxins

Question 25

What is coronary heart disease?

Answer 25

Condition where the blood vessels become blocked by a build up of fatty deposits.

Question 26

What is the function of the coronary arteries?

Answer 26

Supply’s our heart muscle with glucose and oxygen for respiration.

Question 27

What does the term " risk factor " mean?

Answer 27

Something that increases the likelihood of developing a disease

Question 28

What would the risk factors of CHD be?

Answer 28

-eating fatty foods -obesity -high cholesterol levels -smoking

Question 29

What are statins?

Answer 29

Statins are pills prescribed by doctors to anyone at risk of cardiovascular disease that you take daily to reduce high cholesterol levels.

Question 30

What is the disadvantage of statins?

Answer 30

Not suitable for emergency treatment

Question 31

What are stents?

Answer 31

Stent is a metal mesh that is placed in the artery,a tiny balloon is inflated to open up a blood vessel but the remains in place. They are used to open a blocked artery.

Question 32

What are some advantages of stents?

Answer 32

Can be used in emergency's e.g heart attacks

Question 33

What are some disadvantages of using stents?

Answer 33

Expensive procedure and can also cause blood clots

Question 34

What is conorary bypass surgery?

Answer 34

Uses an artery to divert around a blockage

Question 35

What are the advantages of conorary bypass surgery?

Answer 35

Treats multiple blockages

Question 36

What are the disadvantages of conorary bypass surgery?

Answer 36

Very expensive and there are also risks accosiated with surgery

Question 37

What is the function of alveoli?

Answer 37

The alveoli care the site of gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen moves into the bloodstream and carbon dioxide moves out.

Question 38

How are the alveoli adapted to their function?

Answer 38

1.) many alveoli mean A large surface area for increased gas exchange 2.) large network of capillaries ensure a good blood supply 3.) the walls of the alveoli are very thin ensuring a short diffusion pathway

Question 39

What is an artificial pace maker?

Answer 39

It is used when A persons natural pace maker cells no longer work. It helps to regulate the heart rate.

Question 40

What is a valve replacement?

Answer 40

Lasts a long time and is used when the normal valves Lear or become stiff and not able to open fully.

Question 41

What are the disadvantages of valve replacement

Answer 41

You must take medicine for the rest of your life to stop the blood from clotting around it.

Question 42

What is the artificial heart?

Answer 42

Used when pacemaker is not enough to restore the persons heart

Question 43

What are some advantages of the artificial heart?

Answer 43

-Used to give A diseased heart a rest -No need to wait for a human donor - good for people waiting for a heart transplant

Question 44

What are some disadvantages of an artificial heart?

Answer 44

- Expensive - risk of blood clotting