topic7- superpower Flashcards
(145 cards)
1
Q
define superpower
A
a nation with means to project its power and influence anywhere in the world
2
Q
how did America become a superpower
A
-control lots of territory
-in WW1, they intervened to end the war, promoting peace and stability.
-the creation of IGOs e.g. the Bretton’s Woods Agreement
-They maintained economic stability during the war
- creation of Nato (a military alliance)
-controlling global affairs
3
Q
what’s a hard power
A
a power through force and is likely to involve military power or economic sanctions
4
Q
whats a soft power
A
exerting influence through favour and persuasion ,and is therefore likely to be based on cultural power
5
Q
examples of hard powers
A
- using economic sanctions against countries
-military action, or the threat of it
-military presence and force
-military alliances such as NATO
6
Q
examples of economic power
A
-favouring certain trade partners
-using aid to influence policy
-trade blocs and alliances
-aid and trade
7
Q
examples of soft power
A
-culture and ideology
-exerting influence through favour and persuasion
-using the media to promote a particular image and message
8
Q
what are the 5 permanent members of the UN security council
A
China, France, Russia, UK, USA
9
Q
whats a hyperpower
A
an unchallenged power dominant in all aspects of power e.g. USA (1990-2010) and Britain (1850-1910)
10
Q
characteristics countries need to be a superpower?
A
-military
-political
-cultural influence
-access to natural resources
11
Q
talk abt physical size and geographical position and the advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
soft power
-bigger countries have greater resources and influence- e.g Russia controls significant resources
however may have complex relations with neighbours
12
Q
talk abt economic power and influence and how advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
hard power
-the 10 largest economies:
-earns 56% of global GDP
- control investment
-have the worlds most powerful currencies
-determine economic policies
however aid is only granted to those agreeing to policies specified to the countries providing aid
13
Q
talk abt demographic factors and the advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
soft power
- a large population size leads to economic successes as there is a sufficient labour force
- many areas use people as a source of cheap labour
-a large population also spurs economic growth
However a large pop is not critical to pwr, e.g Singapore ( great influence upon SE Asia)
14
Q
talk abt military strength and the advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
Hard power
-the size of a countries military determines their power- many countries regard the membership of the UN security council as the ultimate status of power
However type of weapons owned is representative of power e.g. nuclear weapons
15
Q
talk abt political factors and the advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
Hard power
-most countries have realised that grouping up with like minded countries can cause them to exert more influence.
OECD began
- the G20 has a great influence and is a significant decision making forum
via this few countries have much influence on their own.
limitations- permeant members can block others decisions in the UN security council
16
Q
talk abt military strength and the advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
Hard power
-the size of a countries military determines their strength
-many countries regard membership of the UN security council as the ultimate status in power
-however, military size is often less significant than national defence budgets and technology
- the type of weapons owned is also representative of power (nuclear > big military)
17
Q
talk abt cultural influence and the advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
Soft power
-increased globalisation has lead to a global culture, spread via multimedia TNCs such as Disney. They dominate global culture by deciding which films people can watch
-many UK commercial radio stations
-however, North Korea dislike cultural erosion (censorship)
18
Q
talk abt access to natural resources and the advantages and disadvantages for superpowers
A
Soft power
- some resources are essential to economic development
-OPEC countries influence setting global oil prices
however, the possession of natural resources doesn’t guarantee development. many countries’ natural resources may be managed by major TNCs so they can gain less profit, also countries with lack of investment means countries cant acquire material
19
Q
where is the heartland located
A
Eastern Europe into Russia at the centre
20
Q
what 3 things determined power in the heartland
A
- whoever ruled the most strategic part of Europe would command the heartland
-whoever ruled the heartland would command the world island (Europe and Russia)
-whoever controlled the world island ruled the world
21
Q
what happens to the power when moved away from the heartland
A
power decreases
22
Q
what 2 simple factors contribute to Russia’s power
A
-its location and resources
23
Q
what factors hinders Russia’s power
A
-its many borders means it can be attacked from many directions
- because much of it’s coast is frozen in the winter, it has few year round ports
24
Q
what role does sea power play in global power in terms of the heartland throry
A
- it was thought that the heartland could shift geographically, especially due to sea power.
25
how has the global power shifted in the 21st century- what impact has this had
the centre is pulled towards the region with the largest GDP- this shows the importance of the of the British industrial revolution and how it shifts with the rise of the USA. Its also reflected the growing importance of china. Due to the global shift, power has shifted towards the East.
-globalisation (a soft power) has played a key role in the 21st centaury, its significant to the development of technology.
26
whats a hyper power
a hyperpower is an unchallenged superpower that is dominant in all aspects of power e.g. USA 1990-2010
27
whats cultural hegemony
power/ dominance through the means of soft power/ cultural means
28
why is defence spending seen as a crucial development of superpower status (4)
Defence spending is critical towards the exercise of hard power because it enables territorial expansion and/or the protection of current territory, which in turn brings wealth through the acquisition of resources allowing the maintenance/ growth of the economy needed to develop superpower status
29
explain how soft power can be used to maintain superpower status (4)
soft power is exerting influence through favour and persuasion. Hollywood and Disney. Soft power includes cultural influences (arts, media, food) and has been seen as an important part of western superpower influence. the extent to which this will be important for emerging power will be discussed...
-allows usa to gain a global influence.
-food: glocalsiation- countries adapt their products to suit local tastes/ culture/ religion e.g McDonalds in India
-media: social media- communication + share info + ideologies
-media: film- Disney- glocalised movies for specific cultures e.g, lion king
Dominance of westernisation-> uk and usa employ large amount of TNCs
30
during the rule of the British Empire, what mechanisms of power did they use
hard power-> e.g. military
31
patterns of power change over time, what are the 3 types of polar worlds
-uni-polar world
-bi-polar world
-multi-polar world
32
whats a uni-polar world and an example
when the world is dominated by one superpower
e.g. the british empire
33
whats a bi-polar world and an example
two superpowers, with differing ideologies, compete for power on a global scale
e.g. during the cold war the USA and USSR competed
34
whats a multi-polar world and an example
many superpowers and emerging powers compete for power in different regions
e.g. developed and BRIC nations*
35
why might it be difficult for a country to remain as a hyperpower
-competition of resources*
36
what is colonialism
the direct control exerted over territories conquered by mainly European powers in the period 1600-1900. They were ruled by force, with almost no power or influence being given to the original population.
-imposing government system and laws
37
what is imperialism
extending a countries power through colonization, military or other
a relationship of political, economic or cultural control between geographical areas
38
what is colonisation
the physical settling of people from colonial power within their colony.
39
Is this imperialism, colonialism or colonisation?
The political control of Burma by Britain
colonialism/ imperialism
40
Is this imperialism, colonialism or colonisation?
The introduction of Christianity in countries
imperialism
41
Is this imperialism, colonialism or colonisation?
English people moving to live and work in India
colonisation
42
what led to a decline in European territories
post ww2 as countries gained independence
43
at its height, how much did the British empire extend over and how much of the population did it rule
extended over aprox 25% of the worlds land and ruled 20% of the pop
44
The british empire has the royal Navy which dominated the seas around 1700-1930 and it helped protect trading routes. The Navy was a symbol of military power. why was this significant for Britain in a uni-polar world
the navy was a hard power. This was important for Britain because it allowed them to be seen as an indestructible force and as they ruled the sea, they then had the power to determine the trade taking place
45
state the timeline of the British empire
-late 1400s-
England was competing with Spain and Portugal to explore the world. Christopher Columbus discovered America. This was hard power and land and settlements were gained for the empire
-1600s-
Rivalry with other European powers led to the Anglo-Dutch wars, England won. this was hard power and they gained power due to their victory.
-1600s-1800s-
Britain established trading companies to finance voyages to search for valuable commodities. For much of the 1800s, Britain was unchallenged by any other superpowers. soft/hard (resource acquisitions)*
-1875 onwards-
The British empire worked by direct colonial control. The steamship and telegraph* were new technologies to maintain the empire. British inventions, sports and language were spread, this facilitated trade and growth. British ideologies dominated many areas
-imperial era (late 19th century)-
although it had almost total global control, it had little input in politics, Britain also helped defeat China in the opium wars. Hard power, although political imprint was declining, the military was still deemed as formidable
-1914-
Britain's empire was becoming overstretched and was facing competition from a rapid industrialising Germany. Britain had to face challenges. Hard.
-after the second world war-
growth of the US and Japanese naval power occurred, challenging Britains control, Britain became bankrupt. Hard. The downfall of the British empire occurred
46
what 3 factors allowed Britain to be able to conquer India
1. Robert Clive learnt the best way to repel troops mounted on elephants
**2. Clive took a large sum of money and shipped it and the East Indian company took control with this
3. British style palaces were built and Clive became governor of Bengal
47
state 6 things about the impact of Britain as a superpower on India
1. Acculturation took place- British traditions (e.g. tea and cricket ) were introduced. A strict social order that differentiated the ruling White British from the Indians
2.The British 'modernised' India building an extensive rail network- enabling exports but also the efficient movement of troops.
3. symbols of imperial power were built (e.g. presidential palace in Delhi) were built by the British as a symbol of political power , wealth and prestige
4. Educated Indians ( speaking English and wearing European attire) occupied lower administrative positions (and were used in other colonies in East Africa)
5. collaboration of Indian Princely states- these were given a measure of self-rule
6. British military personnel, civil servants and entrepreneurs emigrated to India ***
48
what are the 4 pillars of superpower status
-military
-political
-cultural influence
-access to natural resources
49
describe the mercantilist phase of the British Empire and what this did to Britain's superpower status
Mercantilism- an economic theory practice that promoted governmental regulation of a nations economy to expand power at the extent of other nations. An example is building overseas colonies. This also allowed Britain to expand state power through trade as this policy accumulated finance/money.
50
describe the Imperial phase of the British Empire and what this did to Britain's superpower status
-expansion of the formal empire (military and political influence) rather than securing authority through cultural, commercial or diplomatic (spoken) means. Allowed for direct rule
51
describe the post-colonial phase of the British Empire and what this did to Britain's superpower status
After WW2, British colonial rule was weakened as countries sought independence. Once countries got independence, the British Empire was transformed into the commonwealth.
52
In what two ways was The British Empire justified
via:
-modernism
-evangelical Christianity and social Darwinism
53
define the term modernism which justified The British Empire
MODERNISM:
-the world can be improved by human intervention and achievement
-Europe could improve the world by colonising
-Europeans were superior to others
-British were naturally intelligent
-British were natural rulers
- Britain should and could rule the world
54
define the term Evangelical Christianity and social Darwinism which justified The British Empire
Evangelism- spread of the Christian word through churches and schools
This led to...
1. Belief that natives were racially inferior
2. Belief that colonialism was a divine calling
Social Darwinism- Strong should survive over the weak
55
Capitalist themes
-the USA
-free market economy
-wealth and poverty in a country
-democratic elections
-businesses are privately owned
-social objective= freedom
56
Communist themes
- the USSR
-government planned economy
- social objective= equality
-general standard of living is low but there is no extreme poverty
57
what two technology based events are associated with the cold war
-Russians win race to launch Earth satellite (1957) projecting they are more technologically advanced and allows them to 'spy'
-US man enters space (1969)- US increased influence as they have colonized more land
58
characteristics of the cold war superpowers: geography and resources
USA and USSR had a population near 200-300 million people
-both were self sufficient in most raw materials
59
characteristics of the cold war superpowers: economic system
USA:
-capitalist, free market economy
USSR:
-socialist, centrally planned economy
60
characteristics of the cold war superpowers: political system
USA:
democracy
USSR:
dictatorship with no free elections
61
characteristics of the cold war superpowers: allies
USA
-Western Europe through NATO alliance
-alliances through trade, aid and military
USSR
-Eastern Europe (Warsaw pact)
-alliances with socialist countries
62
characteristics of the cold war superpowers: Military power
Both:
-naval and air based military power
-nuclear weapons
-extensive global intelligence network
-USA had an established ring of bases around USSR
63
characteristics of the cold war superpowers: Cultural influence
USA:
-rapid growth in film and television industry to convey a positive view of the USA, especially its high standards of living
-lack of censorship meant negative sides of the USA were shown too
USSR:
- tried to sell a view of itself that emphasised a high culture such as ballet music
-very tight censorship allowing no criticism
64
what are the points why the soviets lost the cold war?
- The star wars- the weaponization of outer space occurred by the USA
-The USA had an economy at least 2x greater than the soviet union
-arms race
-proxy wars
-invasion of Afghanistan *
65
whats neo-colonialism
- a form of indirect control over countries
-direct political control is decreased while economic control is increased
-countries remain under control from overseas although they are supposedly independent
66
examples of colonialism in as
- First Nations people in Canada
-Papua New Guinea
-Tibet
67
examples of neo-colonialism in as
-globalisation
-cultural imperialism
68
what are the 6 ways that power was exerted in the neo-colonial era
-strategic alliances
-aid
-TNCs
-Terms of trade
-Global Finance and debt
-Structural adjustment policies
69
how did strategic alliances allow for power to be exerted in the neo-colonial era
developed countries formed alliances with developing countries to spread their global influence via aid= allies increase military assets and increase of territory
70
how did aid allow for power to be exerted in the neo-colonial era
leads to countries being dependent on superpowers
-aid is given with certain conditions
71
how did TNCs allow for power to be exerted in the neo-colonial era
FDI creates large profits for TNCs- profits are leaked back from labour intensive work. the developing world are only taught labour intensive jobs**
72
how did Terms of trade allow for power to be exerted in the neo-colonial era
developing countries export raw materials cheaply-> developed countries convert these into high profit resources
73
how did global finance and debt allow for power to be exerted in the neo-colonial era
developing countries pay debt interest
74
how did SAPs allow for power to be exerted in the neo-colonial era
countries wishing to have their debt relieved must follow policies devised by the World Bank and IMF, resulting in loss of economic sovereignty/power
75
simply, why does the USA dominate the market
because it owns the brands with the highest brand value such as apple, google and microsoft.
76
define the concept neo-colonialism
an indirect form of control that meant newly independent countries were not masters of their own destiny
77
what are the social positive factors that Chinese companies have on countries in Africa
-via investments people gain jobs
-china exports machinery/ transporter equipment= growth of technology
-teaching of Chinese
-larger skilled workforce
- extreme poverty reduced by 8%
78
what are the social negative factors that Chinese companies have on countries in Africa
-higher paid jobs are dominated by Chinese people who live there-> lack of social development
-resources and workers exploited
-cultural erosion
79
what are the economic positive factors that Chinese companies have on countries in Africa
-Africa gains investment from China
-Investment in African countries
-development of Infrastructure
80
what are the economic negative factors that Chinese companies have on countries in Africa
- Africa looses expensive natural resources in which China gains from them for cheap -> they are exploited
-loans (debt interest)
81
what are the environmental positive factors that Chinese companies have on countries in Africa
- Investment in renewable energy resources (HEP)
82
what are the environmental negative factors that Chinese companies have on countries in Africa
-Africa has to export many raw materials to China, during the collection of these materials habitats may be damaged and groundwater contaminated
-Impact of factories
-Increase in carbon emissions
83
give examples of what Africa has received from Chinese investments (2004-2014)
Ethiopia= dam construction
Sudan= airport
Cameroon= HEP (gold mining taken back to China)
84
How does investing in Africa help with Chinas superpower status
-extracting materials for their own development. China gains an increase in energy security by extracting (e.g. oil)
-gaining greatly valued resources via exploiting Africa without Africa realising
-Africa is now dependent on China for jobs, technology...
-Military and Political- China gains a connection -> indirectly increases their territory and alliance through investment -> China may have military bases here.
culture-> glocalissation -> investments from TNCs-> Chinese restaurants so blending of food and products.
-Erosion of culture e.g. China mall in Ghana-> products people purchase are made in China (more money for china)
85
How does investing in Africa reinforce indirect control (neo-colonialism) of China
more soft power is used-> not a direct control but they are implementing their own values.
using economic power also maintains their influence
-they are using culture to exert power, no military used
-the idea of an alliance has been created.
86
explain how aid and investments overseas can extend a countries power overseas (6)
87
example advantages of the neo-colonial theory
- many NICs (Newly industrialised countries) have started to develop e.g. Asian Tigers and BRICs
-theory explains relationship with western countries and developing countries
88
example disadvantages of the neo-colonial theory.
-war and conflict has prevented investment and development
-china has been accused of having a neo-colonial relationship with China
-the idea of neo-colonialism comes from a left-wing point of view*
-corruption is endemic in many countries- this means money meant for investment and development is creamed off by rich elites.
89
how can a uni-polar world lead to global risk
may appear as stable however there may be frequent challenges from groups/ nations that don't accept the hegemony of the sole power e.g. USA VS china and russia
90
how can a bi-polar world lead to global risk
could be stable as divided into two opposing blocks however allies need to be considered and the breakdown of control could lead to disaster
91
how can a multi-polar world lead to global risk
may increase risk of conflict as more regional powers are present, could argue that it led to both world wars.
instability can occur
92
what suggests that china will be the next superpower when looking at a map
china has a very great population density. This means there are many different people with different skills. people with authority are able to influence a great amount of people. China has a lot of territorial land
93
how does being a member of IGOs allow for power to be exerted
-direct loans to poorer countries however finance is leaked back
94
how does being a member of NATO and having nuclear power status allow for power to be exerted
-have formed alliances with other countries, can develop military bases in other countries.
-don't need a large military as nuclear weapons can have a devastating effect
95
how does having cultural influence through Americanisation and TNCs allow for power to be exerted
-people may be more reliant on western ways of life -> American culture dominates the market= cultural erosion.
96
how does geographical loco and size allow for power to be exerted
not landlocked= imports and exports.
-large pop= many different cultures
97
how does political influence allow for power to be exerted
-political alliances form
98
how does natural resources allow for power to be exerted
can turn natural resources into products quickly
-imports and exports
99
how does military dominance allow for power to be exerted
its a form of hard power
100
how does outsourcing of manufacturing and telecommunications allow for power to be exerted
-global shift-> can produce products at a lower rate in other countries
-technology
101
how does developments in space allow for power to be exerted
-the arms race
-weaponization in space
-reinforces advancements in technology and dominance
102
what are 3 soft powers that China are using currently
-media and film
-their language
-technology
103
how is china exerting soft power through media and film
Films must pass Chinas censorship- the film shouldn't show china as a villain, there should be Chinese actors too
104
how is china exerting soft power through their language
Mandarin is being taught in British schools
-its been promoted by TNCs such as Facebook
-its used in business and finance
105
how is china exerting soft power through the internet
-China blocks certain social media sites
-variety of things occur on Wechat =many fucntions, gov gains lots of data= western companies trying to copy wechat
-china has own apps due to censorship
106
SWOT analysis of China: Strengths
- economic growth/ TNCs
- military
- infrastructure
107
SWOT analysis of China: weaknesses
-population structure
-export reliance
- political system
-1 child policy
- communist political system
108
SWOT analysis of China: oppourtunities
-regional leadership
- Africa and neo-colonialism
- US treasury bonds ( They purchased USAs debt)
109
SWOT analysis of China: threats
- conflict with the US/ Japan
- environmental issues
- economic bubbles ( economic growth isn't uniform)- SEZs led to economic growth in the East
-reliant on exports
-high levels of air pollution (due to global shift)
110
SWOT analysis of Russia: strengths
-natural resources
-military and nuclear
-international rule- part of UN security council permanently
111
SWOT analysis of Russia: weaknesses
-ageing pop
-dependent on oil which is finite
-corruption
112
SWOT analysis of Russia: opportunities
-spare capacity= space for development
113
SWOT analysis of Russia: threats
-boom and bust economy (they will grow and then go bust)
-regional tensions ( Russia and Ukraine)
-not many TNCs investing
114
SWOT analysis of India: strengths
-pride themselves in education= quaternary sector
- know English
- youthful pop
-IT and software (outsourcing)
-high birth rate
-global shift in services
115
SWOT analysis of India: weaknesses
-infrastructure
-energy and water supply
-poverty
-high number of slums due to rapid urban to rural migration (high pop)
116
SWOT analysis of India: opportunities
-huge domestic market (for Indians)
-vast growth potential
-urbanisation
117
SWOT analysis of India: threats
- regional tensions e.g. china and Pakistan
-resource/ food crisis
- red tape (the wide spread poverty of people in India)
118
SWOT analysis of Brazil: strengths
-agricultural power
-energy independence
-large middle class
-world class companies
119
SWOT analysis of Brazil: weaknesses
-economic history (boom and bust)
-crime/ corruption
120
SWOT analysis of Brazil: opportunities
-regional power within south America
- developing the country domestically
121
SWOT analysis of Brazil: threats
-political instability
-inflation
-rising living costs
122
what 4 groupings could be the next economic powers
-MINT countries
-Magreb
-African Lions
-CIVETS
123
talk about economic factors in the BRICS and G20
BRICS
-large economy but consumer spending has started to lower due to an ageing pop
G20
-minimal impact on financial markets
124
talk about political factors in the BRICS and G20
BRICS
-china is a 'mega trader', commodity prices have soared
G20
- newer members tend to not keep agreements as seriously
125
talk about military factors in the BRICS and G20
BRICS
-increased military expenditure.
-NATO is more superior
G20
-some countries are engaged in unilateral military action
126
talk about cultural factors in the BRICS and G20
BRICS
-cultural differences= lack of understanding
G20
-indirectly support the spread of globalisation- sharing of ideas
127
talk about demographic factors in the BRICS and G20
BRICS
-large pop= huge labour market however ageing pop
G20
-investing in infrastructure to help tackle youth unemployment
128
talk about environmental factors in the BRICS and G20
BRICS
-historic rise in GHG emissions
-starting to lead the world in renewable energy
G20
-commitment to remove fossil fuel subsidies
-agreed on a need to tackle climate change
129
what are the three theories explaining why countries fall into power
1. Marxist theory- Wallerstein's World Systems Theory ( core and periphery)
2. Marxist Theory- Franks Dependency Theory
3.Liberal Theory- Rostow's Modernism Theory
130
describe the Marxist theory- Wallerstein's World Systems Theory ( core and periphery)
he identified two areas: the core and the periphery to explain how successful places maintain power globally. He recognised the world was three tiered; core, semi-periphery and periphery. E.g USA, UK= core china= semi-periphery
majority of Africa= periphery
131
describe the Marxist Theory- Franks Dependency Theory
argues that developing countries remain dependent on wealthier nations and that this reliance is a cause of poverty
-the periphery remains underdeveloped due to exploitation by the capitalist core.
-trade unfavourable for developing countries...
-leads to a vicious cycle of development or poverty
132
state the 5 steps of the vicious cycle (dependency theory)
1. production of agricultural and other primary produce
2. goods exported in raw state at low value
3.low value
4. low profits
5. no investment in machinery or manufacturing
-back to step 1-
133
what are the critiques of the Marxist Theory- Franks Dependency Theory
-NICS (newly industrialised) have broken free
-some emerging countries have moved away from this
-global shift
-countries may specialise towards a particular industry.
-movement towards s/t/q **
134
describe the Liberal Theory- Rostow's Modernism Theory
believed countries moved through 6 stages of economic development and that all countries would follow the same economic pathway.
-used to explain the growth and dominance of the British empire.
-if enough investment was made in developing countries, they could repay loans- this economic growth could reduce the influence of communism
-believed capitalism was the fundamental solution to poverty**
-to deliver capitalism in the US, the world bank and IMF was established. **
135
describe the graph for Rostow's Modernism Theory from the lowest level of development to the highest as time passes (6 points)
1. The traditional society (e.g. Tunisia)
2.Pre-conditions for take-off (Ghana)
3. Take off (China)
4.Drive to maturity (China and BRIC nations)
5. High mass consumption (spain/ france)
6.post consumer society (USA, UK)
136
1.define the traditional society
based on farming, fishing, mining. lack of tech and resources= undeveloped
137
2.define the pre-conditions for takeoff
development due to profits from farming and improving infrastructure such as transport networks
-extractive industries also develop
138
3.define the takeoff
- rapid growth of manufacturing industries , better infrastructure, financial development and culture change as part of industrial revolution
139
4.define the drive to maturity
-new ideas and technology improve and replace older industries, and economic growth spreads through all sectors and areas of a country
140
5.define the high mass consumption
people have more wealth so buy more services and goods- they become consumers- wealth systems are fully developed, trade expands and consolidates links
141
6.define the post consumer society
where people maximise leisure at home, locally or abroad, industries are automated, and the internet creates strong links.
142
strengths and weaknesses of the dependency theory
weaknesses:
-NICs have broken free and developed
143
strengths and weaknesses of the modernisation theory
strengths:
-explains how industrialisation can cause countries to develop
weaknesses:
-only describes processes of economic change and growth
-does not help us understand how countries gain political or cultural power
144
strengths and weaknesses of the worlds system theory
strengths:
-used development as a global process
-recognised the world was three tiered
weaknesses:
no detailed explanation, its an analysis of the worlds patterns of power
145
the dependency theory is aimed to prevent development for 3 reasons:
1. there is an international division of labour between countries (core countries dominate)
2. there is a distinction between classes who work to keep this distinction
3. global capitalism keeps the system going (i.e. world bank and global media). these do not promote development or equal systems.
