Topical -Active

Question 1

What is the main diffusion barrier of the skin

Answer 1

Stratum corneum

Question 2

3 main routes for entry into the skin

Answer 2

Intracellular
Intercellular
Transappendegeal

Question 3

Difference between absorption and penetration

Answer 3

Absorption gets all the way to the bottom layer of the skin and sucked into the blood stream

Question 4

What does skin entry depend on x4

Answer 4

The base
Variations in skin
Physical and chemical properties of the active ingredient
The concentration of the active ingredient

Question 5

Properties of active ingredient that enhance penetration x3

Answer 5

Low molecular weight
Lipophilic
Non polar

Question 6

Where is caution taken with topical medication x4

Answer 6

Pregnancy
Infancy or neonates
Inflammatory conditions
Systemic Absorption

Question 7

Why is there systemic toxicity from topical medication in neonates x5

Answer 7

1. Decreased hepatic metabolism
2. Decreased renal excretion
3. Increased surface area to body ration
4. Suboptimal epidermal barrier function
5. Decreased plasma protein binding

Question 8

Name any 5 active ingredients

Answer 8

Antifungals
Scabicides
Keratolytics
Sunscreen
Corticosteroids

Question 9

MOA of hydrocortisone x3

Answer 9

Suppression of inflammation
Reduction in cell proliferation
Vasoconstriction

Question 10

Conditions least responsive to topical corticosteroids x4

Answer 10

Keloids
Hypertrophic scar
Alopecia areata
Acne cysts

Question 11

Side effects of corticosteroids x5

Answer 11

Atrophy
Striae
Bruising
Telangiectasia
Hypertrichosis
Suppression of pigmentation

Question 12

Effects of using corticosteroids on the face and around the eyes x2

Answer 12

Perioral dermatitis
Glaucoma

Question 13

Features of iatrogenic cushing syndrome x5

Answer 13

Central obesity
Muscle weakness
Hirsutism
Acne
High BP

Question 14

Where to avoid use of potent corticosteroids x3

Answer 14

Babies
Face
Genital area

Question 15

Grams limit of potent and intermediate steroids for adults x2

Answer 15

Potent <10g/week
Intermediate <100g/week

Question 16

Effects of steroids on unborn baby x4

Answer 16

IUGR
Adrenal gland suppression > hypotension, hypoglycemia, immune suppression

Question 17

Major side effect of the antiseptic iodine

Answer 17

Thyroid dysfunction

Question 18

Examples of antiseptics x5

Answer 18

Iodine
Chlorine
Chlorhexidine
Potassium permanganate
Gentian violet paint

Question 19

What is the therapeutic window for silver nitrate x3

Answer 19

0.1% ineffective
0.5% effective
1% toxic

Question 20

When is silver nitrate used x3

Answer 20

Treatment of burns, warts and leg ulcers

Question 21

MOA effects of sulphur x3

Answer 21

Keratolytic
Anti seborrheic
Anti microbial

Question 22

When is sulphur used x4

Answer 22

Pityriasis versicolor
Perianal dermatitis
Seborrheic dermatitis
Scabies
Acne

Question 23

Side effects of tetracycline in pregnancy

Answer 23

The babies milk teeth come out stained

Question 24

Side effect of chloramphenicol

Answer 24

Bone marrow suppression

Question 25

What is erythromycin and clindamycin used for x3

Answer 25

Acne Folliculitis Bacterial vaginosis

Question 26

State 2 contents of the whitfields ointment and what its active against

Answer 26

Salicylic acid Benzoic acid Dermatophytes

Question 27

Use of keratolytics

Answer 27

Dissolve warts and callus Diminish flakiness ie psoriasis Enhance penetration of other stuff

Question 28

MOA of dithranol

Answer 28

It is an anti inflammatory that binds to DNA and inhibits mitosis

Question 29

Side effects of the antipruritic phenol x3

Answer 29

Local irritation Necrosis and pigmentation