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GCSE Geography > TOPICS: The living world > Flashcards

TOPICS: The living world Flashcards

1
Q

Why are rainforest soils surprisingly infertile

A

because heavy rainfall dissolves and carries away nutrients

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2
Q

What is the name for the highest level of the rainforest

A

emergents

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3
Q

What is the name for the second highest layer in the rainforest

A

canopy

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4
Q

what is the name for the third highest layer in the rainforest

A

understory

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5
Q

what is the name for the bottom layer of a rainforest

A

forest floor

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6
Q

what is an ecosystem cascade

A

a diagram showing the effect of a change in a food chain

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7
Q

What are the 6 ecosystems

A

tundra
rainforest
desert
cold environment
grassland
temperate deciduous forest

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8
Q

Features of tundra

A

very cold, with low rain and not much life, only moss and grass

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9
Q

Features of grassland

A

very few trees, with a wet and dry season

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10
Q

Features of temperate deciduous forests

A

four clear seasons, with rain throughout the year

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11
Q

Features of tropical rainforest

A

hot and very humid, with lots of rainfall. Very dense with lifeforms

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12
Q

Features of hot desert

A

Almost no rainfall, very very hot int eh day and very cold at night. Only cacti and other similar plants can survive

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13
Q

Features of cold environments

A

freezing temperatures all year round.

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14
Q

What are examples of producers in a freshwater pond

A

Algae or pond weed

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14
Q

What are examples of consumers in a freshwater pond

A

Trout or similar fish

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15
Q

Examples of decomposers in freshwater ponds

A

maggots

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16
Q

temperature range of rainforests

A

21 to 30 degrees all year

17
Q

How many mm a year of rainfall in the amazon

A

2,000

18
Q

are most plants evergreen or not in rainforests

A

evergreen

19
Q

What are Epiphytes

A

Plants which grow on other plants, (common in tropical rainforests)

20
Q

What are buttress roots

A

Roots which are adapted so they spread a wide area and go deep underground.

21
Q

Why do buttress roots exist

A

They can absorb much more nutrients, and also give the tall trees more stability

22
Q

What is pointed leap tips

A

makes the water run off the leaf easily, so the leaf is not damaged by the heavy rainfall

23
Q

Why do trees in tropical rainforests have smooth and thin bark

A

To let the water run easily off the tree, so it doesn’t absorb too much

24
Q

How have chameleons evolved to suit the tropical rainforest

A

Their skin can change colour so as to blend in, to not be seen by predators

25
Q

How have jaguars evolved to suit the tropical rainforest

A

Their skin is camouflaged, so they can effectively sneak up on prey

26
Q

What percent of the earth is covered in rainforest

A

6 percent

27
Q

What are some environmental impacts of deforestation

A

less photosynthesis, so more CO2 in the atmosphere
Fewer trees, means the soil is less tightly bound, so soil erosion is more likely
Burning of trees releases lots of CO2

28
Q

What are 3 reasons for deforestation

A

logging and timber
mineral extraction
farming and agriculture

29
Q

how many drugs have been made from the amazon

A

7,000

30
Q

What is selective logging

A

only cutting down certain species of trees, or trees at a certain age

31
Q

average daytime and nighttime temp in sahara

A

45, -4

32
Q

Why do desert plants have spines instead of leaves

A

To give the plant the minimum possible surface area, to stop water loss via transpiration

33
Q

Why do jackrabbits have huge ears

A

large surface area to volume, so they can lose heat easily

34
Q

Why are desert animals nocturnal

A

To escape the heat of the day

35
Q

2 animal adaptations of tropical rainforests

A

spider monkey has long, strong limbs to help it climb through the canopy
Jaguars have spotted skin to hide from predators

36
Q

2 plant adaptations of tropical rainforests

A

Drip tip leaves, to stop water buildup from snapping the leaf
buttress roots, to support the very tall trees, and also outcompete other roots for nutrients

37
Q

What are 3 values of the tropical rainforest (things it can provide us)

A

Timber, Medicines, and energy (from dams)

38
Q

What are 3 causes of deforestation

A

Logging
Mineral exportation and extraction
Farming (63 percent of deforestation is due to cattle ranching)

39
Q

3 Impacts of deforestation

A

less CO2 is absorbed from the atmosphere, so global warming increases
Soil erosion will increase drastically
The extinction and endangerment of many animals

40
Q

What is one international, one national, and one local way of managing rainforests sustaniably

A

International - debt reduction in return for reduced deforestation
National - protecting areas of rainforest by making them into national parks
Local - selective logging, only deforesting mature trees

GCSE Geography (15 decks)

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