Topo PQ's Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
Can you palpate the spermatic cord in the equine rectum?
A
yes, both of them
2
Q
How does the horse colon travel?
A
Right ventral– sternal flexure– left ventral– pelvic flexure– left dorsal– diaphragmatic flexure– right dorsal– ampulla colli
3
Q
Which kidney can be palpated by rectal exam? of Eq?
A
Caudal pole of the left kidney (right kidney is fused with the head of the caecu)
4
Q
Which inguinal ring can you feel in Eq under rectal exam?
A
Deep inguinal ring
5
Q
What ligaments attach the patella in the horse?
A
Medial, intermediate and lateral patellar ligaments
6
Q
Which species have a patellar lymph node?
A
Eq it is the subiliac lumph node
7
Q
Which meniscus in equine is not attached to the femur?
A
The medial
The lateral is attached wiht the meniscofemoral ligament
8
Q
Injection into the tarsal joint
A
In Eq 2 injection points
Tibio-tarsal joint: Dorsomedial aspect between Tibia and Talus
Tarsal MT joint: Either medial between Tc and T3 in a slight gap medially or lateral between T4 splint bone, next to point of widening of splint bone
9
Q
Describe the ascending colon in Eq
A
Double horse shoe shaped
ventral is sacculated, dorsal is not sacculated
10
Q
Which side (Eq)
A
Spleen- left dorsal (cranial) Ostium ileocaecale- (Right mid ventral) Small intestines- jejunum is left dorsal (caudal) Flexura pelvina (left ventral colon to left dorsal colon (left caudoventral)
11
Q
In Eq: does the femoropatellar joint capsule communicate with the lateral or medial femoro-tibial capsule?
A
Medio femoro-tibial capsule
12
Q
How to treat “club hoof”?
A
Cut acc ligament of DDF (or only SDF)
either muscles may be too short
13
Q
How to treat bone spavin?
A
Transect cunean tendon of tibialis cranialis
14
Q
Innervation of the head in Eq
A
Eyes: Abducent, trochlear, oculomotor (motor) Optic (sensory) Opthalmic- lacrimal gl., conjuctiva
Muscles: Trigemminal (motor to mastication and sensory to the skin) and Facial (mimeric) Vagus, Glossopharyngeal, hypoglossal and C1-2
15
Q
Where can you find the head of the caecum in Eq?
A
On the right side dorsally. The apex is at the sternum and the base is at the fossa paralumbalis
16
Q
Eruption of Di2 in Equine?
Deciduous incisor 2?
A
6 weeks (1-2 months)
17
Q
Direction of the ileum in Eq?
A
From left to right
18
Q
What is the arthrotomy of fetlock joint?
A
Removal of apical sesamoid fracture
19
Q
Which sinus does not communicate with the maxillary sinus in Equine?
A
Frontal
20
Q
Frontal sinus is connected to which concha?
A
Dorsal
21
Q
What diverticulum can you feel in rectal examination of Ru?
A
Sub-urethral diverticulum
On the floor of the vestibule, urethral orifice is a small opening in the cranial side of the neck of the diverticulum
A catheter passed along the floor of the vestibule enters the diverticulum not the urethra
22
Q
Which species have a suburethral diverticulum?
A
Ru!! (and Sus)
23
Q
Name the patellar ligaments of the cow?
A
Lateral, intermediate and medial
24
Q
Dental formula of Ru?
A
2x (I 0/4 C 0/0 P3/3 M 3/3)
25
What is the best place to take the pulse in cattle?
Coccygeal artery, under the tail
| Also, facial and palmar arteries
26
What is the direction of the hilus of the left kidney in Ru?
Dorsal
Left kidney of Ru is pushed towards the right side due to the rumen. It is suspended by the long and mobile mesonephros caudal to the right kidney dorsal in medial plane
27
What is the direction of the Hilus of the left kindey in Ru?
Orientated dorsal in median plane (hilus faces dorsally)
28
How is the position of the left kindey to the right kindey in Ru relative to mesentery?
Right is retroperitoneal, suspended by long, mobile mesenephros caudal to the right kidney
29
Which sinus extends into the horns?
Frontal sinus! extends well into the occipital bone
30
What is the position of omasum to the reticulum?
Dorso-dexter
| Dorsal, caudal and to the right
31
Position of omasum compared to the reticulum?
Dorsodextocaudal
32
Where does the omasum lie?
Dorsocaudally to the reticulum, covered by omentum, faces liver on right side. Abomasum lies under the omasum
33
Where is the greater omentum attached in Ru?
Sulcus longitudinalis of Rumen btw ventral and dors sacs
34
How is the Sinus system of Ru?
Spearated!
Maxillary comm with lacrimal (bulla) and palatine sinus
Ethmoidal sinus communicates with sphenoid and frontal
Palatine sinus
Frontal sinus is divided by a septum into rostral and caudal- the left and right may comm, also extends into the horn
Sinus sphenoidalis
No comm btw maxillary and frontal
35
Position of the reticulum?
Left ventral abd wall, starts at 6-8 ic space, located cranial and ventral, directly ventral to the cardia
Lies against the sternum, a little more cranially than the Rumen
36
How is the sigmoid flexure of colon of a bull related to the deferent duct?
And in Sus?
In bull: caudal to the DD
Sus: Cranial to DD
Sigmoids flexure can change are it lies in
37
Which features are found in rectal examinations of Ru?
Left: Rumen, abomasum (also dislocation), spleen
Middle: Both kidneys, left ureter, ovaries
Right: Small intestines, caudal flexure of duodenum, bladder, utuerus, colon
38
What are injection sites in Ru?
V cava caud
V. jugularus
Sinus orbitalis
Dorsal ear
39
Which nerve must be anaestheszed when dehorning?
N. Zygomaticus
N. Occipitalis
N. Auriculopalpebralis
N. Auriculariscaudalis
N. Cornualis (lacrimal- opthalmic- trigeminal)
C1 and C2 cervical nerves
At zygomatic process of frontal bone, temporal margin, 2cm above
40
On which side of the greater omentum is the colon descendens found in Ru?
Lamina visceralis
41
On which side of the greater omentum is the centripetal colom?
Lamina visceralis
42
The greater omentum of Ru?
Lamina visceralis: ascending colon, jejunum
| Lamina parietalis: liver, spleen, kidney
43
Is the abomasum in contact with the abd wall?
Yes! ventrally
| It is not fixed in position, can move to left or right
44
On which side lies the abomasum?
Right ventral wall
Right side displacement: it may move between the liver and right abd wall. Obvious outbulging to one side: use percussion and you will hear, also appetite is suppressed
45
Which organ can you find on the right of the omasum?
Liver- cranial and right, around the esophagus
46
What is the omasum in contact with on the right?
The liver
47
Which organ can you find caudal to the omasum?
The abomasum
48
Position of gall bladder in Ru?
At 10-11th ic space, it is particularly long and large
49
Position of Right AV in Ru?
3rd ic space- on the right hand side
50
Intercostal space of Ru?
6-8th intercostal space
51
How does the sigmoid flexure of a bull relate to the defernt duct?
It is caudoventral to the DD
52
Describe the colon ascendens in Ru?
It has a proximal S shaped loop (towards caudal) in cone shape: centripetal loops (inwards)--central flexure-- centrifugal loops (outwards) -- distal loop (towards left)
53
Does the frontal sinus of cattle comm with the maxillary?
Never!
54
Which sinus extends to the horns?
Frontal
55
Folds of the Rumen?
```
Right and left acc grooves
Left and right longitudinal grooves
Dors and vetr coronary grooves
Cran and caud grooves
Ruminoreticular grooves
```
56
Where can you find the cardiac dullness in Ru?
On right: No cardiac dullness! Covered by lungs on right. Left: 3-4 ic
EQ: 3-5 left/ 4-5 right
CA: 4-6 left/ 4-5 right
57
Relative dullness in equine, Car and Ru?
3-4cm around abs dullness
58
What is the absolute dullness?
Organ/ pericardium in contact with the thoracic wall- flat sound, light percussion
59
What recess surrounds the acute margins of the lungs?
Costodiaphragmatic recess of the pleura
60
What is the role of recesses?
Can be fluid traps
61
Which male acc gland is found around the neck of the bladder in the dog?
Prostate gland
62
Which lymph node is found in front/cranial to the scapula?
Supf cervial
63
Common peroneal nerve block in the dog?
Muscular groove between lateral and long digital extensors OR where the common peroneal is palpable on the head of the fibula
64
Injection to peroneal nerve in Eq?
O|n lat aspect, 12-15 cm proximal to tuber calcanean. btw lat and long digital extensors (nerve is not palpable at injection site)
65
What is the lateral point of injection into the stifle?
Eq and dog: at joint recess of extensor groove (inject next to the tendon of long digital extensor
66
Innervation of nerve II?
Optic nerve: vision, transmission of light (pupillary reflex)
67
Efferent nerve of Pupillary reflex?
Occulomotor III
68
Innervation of nerve III?
Occulomotor
Dors/ventr/medial recti
Ventr oblique
Levator palpebral (muscles of eye, constrictor of pupil)
69
What is ausculation/percussion?
Ausculation: listening wither directly or with a stethoscope to sounds within the body e.g heart sounds
Percussion: drumming/ tapping with fingers om surface of part of the body to detect resonance of organs
70
Which sound is the first heart sound?
Start of systole (closure of the bicuspidal valves)
71
Which is the 2nd heart sound?
Closure of semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonary trunk
72
Which heart wall lies more cranially?
Right wall of atrium
73
When can't you hear the heart sounds?
during inspiration
74
When can you hear the heart sounds?
Expiration
75
Where is the oesophagus placed in the neck?
Cervical part: dors to trachea Prox/middle neck: to the left of the trachea (shifts to left on its way to the thoracic part)
76
Location of the spleen in poultry?
Left side. Located near the ventriculus (gizzard) in the body cavity visible at the junction of gizzard and stomach medial plane beside proventriculus, in contact with the liver
77
Dental formula of Dog?
2x (I3/3 C 1/1 P4/4 M2/3) =42
78
Dental formula of Sus?
2x ( I 3/3 C 1/1 P 4/4 M 3/3) =44
79
Rib numbers in the different species?
Ca: 13 Eq: 18 Ru: 13 Sus: 14-15
80
Pulse taking from metatarsal?
From dorsal aspect (from cranial tibial artery)
81
Where is the gall bladder located in the dog?
On the right of the median plane, between quadrate and right medial lobes of liver
82
Which sound is more cranial?
Closure of pulmonary valves
| Pulmonary trunk:3rd ic Aorta: 4th ic
83
Sinus systems in the different sp!
Ru: max comm with palatine and lacrimal. Frontal divided by septum into rostral and caudal.
Eq: max rostr and caud split by septum, caud max comm with conchofrontal and sphenopalatine
Ca: rec maxillaris! frontal lat, med and rostr
Sus: frontal lat med and rostr (may comm with sinus lacrimalis
84
Sinus lacrimalis?
Omly Ru and Sus
85
Sinus palatinus?
not in dog and Sus
86
Sinus sphenoidalis?
not in dog and small Ru
87
Facial nerve is responsible for?
Mimics, facial expression and skin
Orbicularis oris (zyg branch)
Motor to mm of facial expression, cutaneous mm of neck, cheek, nares, mandibular and sublingual salivary glands and lacrimal gland
Sense of taste to tongue vua chorda tympani and lingual
Ventral/caud ear mm (auricular nn)
88
Can the stomach of the dog border with the abd wall?
Sometimes, when full
89
Which lameness indicates joints degeneration?
Supporting leg lameness (warm up pain)
90
Which lameness indicates muscles, tendons, ligament disorders?
Swinging leg lameness (difficulty to bring the leg forward)
91
Which ligament is attached to the joint capsule of the stifle?
Med collat lig
92
Does the lat and medial joint cavity of stifle comm?
Dog and Ru: yes, Equine: NO
93
How to check bone spavin?
Hind limb conformation or hyperextension of metacarpophalyngeal joints. Passive flexion of joint and accentuation of lameness following flexion
94
Which are the nerves of the palpebrae?
Afferent: trigemminal (V- opthalmic)
Efferent: Facial (VII)
95
Pulse taking in Eq hindlimb?
Dors pedal on lat surface of metatarsal
96
Which structures lie in the inc. vasorum facialium?
Facial vein+artery+parotid duct
97
Spleen location?
```
Left dorsal! Even in Ru
Sus: costal arch of diaphragm
Eq: 10-18th ribs
Ca: 10-13th to the last rib
Ru: 7th or *th to last rib
```
98
Which nerve supplies the nostrils?
Maxillary nerve ex trigemminal via infraorbital, nasalis caud
Opthalmic nerve ex trigemminal via nasocilliare
99
Which mesentery is related to the kidney?
Mesoduodenum (extraperitoneal)
100
Which mesentery is related to the duodenum?
Intraperitoneal
101
Sensory nerves of the tongue?
4!! Glossophaarngeal IX
Facial VII
Mandibular V3
Lingual V3
102
What is the IX nerve?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (mixed function)
103
Motor innervation of the tongue?
Hypoglossal XII
104
Position of the descending duodenum?
Right side, in contact with the abd wall
105
What direction does the ascending duodenum run?
Cranially, left to right
106
Describe the ascending colon in Ru and Sus?
Gyri centripetales, gyricentrifugales (Ru:disc like, Sus: cone like)
107
What will be blocked by the mandibular nerve block?
Salivary glands, mastication mm, lower teeth and lip, tongue and part of the external ear
108
Do the tarsocrural and prox tarsal row comm?
YES! It has 3 pouched which extend prox to the med and lat malleolus and a dors pouch extending under the medial tendon of the cranial tibial muscle
109
Which facial muscles are innervated by the trigeminus (V)?
Muscles of mastication
110
Which nerves innervate the muscles of mastication for equine?
Trigemminal (V) and Madibular (V3)-masseter, temporalis and buccalis nerves
111
Which nerve innervates the upper palpebra?
Sensory: Maxillary
Motor: Facial
112
What is the difference between the left and right uterine horns?
Right is longer and more cranial
113
Which structure is cranial to the ligament vesicale laterale?
The round ligament of bladder
114
The major artery of the Retina?
Central retinal artery- opthalmic artery- internal carotid artery
Rest of eyeball supported by the external opthalmic art- maxillary- ext carotid
115
Which large salivary gland cannot be palpated in the dog?
Zygomatic gland
116
Which tendon is parallel to the patellar ligament?
Long digital extensor
117
Which lymph node is between the latissimus dorsi and deep pectoral muscle?
Acc Axillary ln
118
Facial nerve, is it motor or sensory?
Both! Mixed nerve
119
Nerve of facial expression?
Facial
120
VII nerve supplies?
Muscles of facial expression- in paralysis ears and lip hang down
Stapedius muscle, pinna or ear, eyelids, skin on cheek
121
Do the right and left recesses of the stifle joint communicate in the dog?
Yes!! Also in Run, never in Eq
122
N.Digitalis palmaris block?
R.Pulvinis- ventrolateral to coronary band
R.Palmaris- half way btw coffin and (fetlock) pastern joints, on lateral aspect. Try to feel nerve at level of prox sesamoid bones. Put finger on lateral, medial, palmar aspect, can feel hopping under finger- must immediately block lat and med nerves
123
What surface is not anaesthesized during N.Digitalis palmaris block?
Dorsal surface due to r. dorsalis
124
Which nerve block does not anesthesize the dorsal side of the foot?
Palmar digital nerve block
125
Which joint is used for distal metacarpal block?
Fetlock, pastern and coffin joint
126
Which joint is blocked by distal metacarpal block?
Fetlock, pastern and coffin
127
Which joint is used for high digital block?
Fetlock
128
High digital block?
Distal end of proximal sesamoids- ventrolateral at level of fetlock- this blocks ramus dorsalis and well as ramus palmaris
129
Distal metacarpal block?
4 point block! at level of distal splint bones
Lat and med digital palmar nerve
Lat and med palmar metacarpal nerve
Close to dist end of splints for MC nerves
Palmar btw digital flexor tendons for digital palmar nerves
Inject into deep groove btw cannon adn splint bone
130
Proximal MC block?
Ulnar nerve- lat injection btw flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris-- dist to acc carp bone 10cm dist to carpal joint
131
Ulnar nerve block?
dog and eq: on lat side approx 6-8cm above acc carpal bone in the deep groove between the tendons of ulnaris lat and flexor carpi ulnaris- at ulnar groove btw ext and flexor carpi ulnaris
132
Which premolar has the shortest lingual surface?
Dog: 1st
Eq:2nd (actually first)
133
Is the stomach in contact with the abdominal wall?
Sus: yes
Ru: yes
Dog: no! unless full
Eq: no
134
What lies in the inc vasorum facialis in goat?
Facial artery and parotid duct?
135
Which structure is found in front of m. interosseus?
Splint bone and carpal/fetlock joint capsule
