Topographical regions of LL

Question 1

Location & boundaries of femoral ∆

Answer 1

• upper third of anterior thigh
• inguinal ligament
• medial border of sartorius
• medial border of adductor longus

Question 2

How accessible are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 2

Relatively accessible
- only covered by deep fascia, SC tissue & skin

Question 3

What is the floor of the femoral ∆

Answer 3

3 muscles
- iliopsoas
- pectineus
- adductor longus

Question 4

What is the femoral ∆’s roof of deep fascia comprised of?

Answer 4

saphenous hiatus, superficial fascia, skin

Question 5

Contents of the femoral ∆

Answer 5

NAVEL
N - femoral Nerve
A - femoral Artery
V - femoral Vein
EL - Empty space w/ Lymphatics

Question 6

In the femoral ∆ we have the _______ branch of the femoral artery and termination of the _______ vein.

Answer 6

profundus femoris / great saphenous vein

Question 7

What’s in the femoral canal?

Answer 7

• deep inguinal lymph node
• lymph vessels
• fat

Question 7

The ______ surrounds the proximal part of the femoral artery & vein.

Answer 7

femoral sheath
** forms femoral canal medially

Question 8

The upper part of the femoral canal is called the __________. What’s significant about this structure?

Answer 8

femoral ring
- site of femoral hernia

Question 9

Describe the location of the adductor canal. What’s the structure at the end of the tunnel?

Answer 9

• passageway passing from the femoral triangle through the middle 1/3 of the thigh
• end of the funnel = adductor hiatus

Question 10

The neurovascular structures in the adductor canal are covered by the ________ muscle.

Answer 10

sartorius

Question 11

Describe the boundaries of the adductor canal.

Answer 11

posterior - adductor longus & magnus
anterolateral - vastus medialis
anteromedial - sartorius & fascia

Question 12

Structures present in the adductor canal:

Answer 12

• femoral artery + vein
• saphenous nerve
• nerve to the VM

Question 13

After the adductor hiatus, the vessels enter the ________.

Answer 13

popliteal fossa

Question 14

Which four muscles form the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 14

lateral –> biceps femoris
medial –> ST + SM
bottom –> medial & lateral heads of gastroc.

Question 15

3 parts that comprise the floor of the popliteal fossa:

Answer 15

• popliteal surface of femur
• joint capsule
• popliteus muscle

Question 16

What happens at the apex of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 16

The femoral nerve splits into the tibial nerve & common fibular nerve.

Question 17

List the structures in the popliteal fossa from deep to superficial (3)

Answer 17

• popliteal artery
• popliteal vein
• tibial nerve

Question 18

Which distal vein drains into the popliteal vein?

Answer 18

small saphenous vein

Question 19

Your pt has swelling in the back of their knee. What is this swelling called?

Answer 19

Baker’s cyst

Question 20

What other clinical signs should you look out for in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 20

• aneurysm of popliteal artery
• enlarged popliteal lymph nodes

Question 21

Where is the tarsal tunnel located? What are its contents?

Answer 21

• posterior to the medial malleolus and deep to the flexor retinaculum
• contains Tom, Dick And Very Nerdy Harry (tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, posterior tibial artery, venae comitantes, tibial nerve and flexor hallucis longus)

Question 22

How can you check the pulse on the foot?

Answer 22

• invert the foot to relax flexor retinaculum
  –> posterior tibial artery palpable