Topography

Question 1

Frontal lobe function.

Answer 1

Speech , consciousness

Question 2

Parietal lobe function

Answer 2

temperature, pain, proprioception and language

Question 3

Pre central gyrus function

Answer 3

motor cortex

Question 4

where is the Sensory cortex ?

Answer 4

Post central cortex

Question 5

Temporal lobe function

Answer 5

long term memory ,smell, hearing

Question 6

where is the Visual cortex ?

Answer 6

Occipital lobe

Question 7

Where is movement and coordination cortex ?

Answer 7

Cerebellum

Question 8

3 parts of the brainstem and its primary function?

Answer 8

Pons, medulla and midbrain .

Basic vital functions e.g. breathing , swallowing

Question 9

Where are upper limb nerves found in the spinal cord ?

Answer 9

Cervical region

Question 10

Where are lower limb nerves found in the spinal cord ?

Answer 10

Lumbosacral region

Question 11

What is Grey matter and what is its function ?

Answer 11

Cell bodies and dendrites with a rich blood supply in the CNS.
Computation

Question 12

What is the Grey matter of PNS?

Answer 12

Ganglia

Question 13

What is white matter and what is its function ?

Answer 13

Myelinated/ non-myelinated sheaths with no cell bodies.

Question 14

What is the white matter of PNS?

Answer 14

a nerve or root

Question 15

Spinal cord features:

Answer 15

31 Segments - dermatome and myotome on each side
Outer white , inner grey
Ventral = motor , Dorsal = sensory.
Spinal roots = mixed

Question 16

what is a Funiculus

Answer 16

A part of white matter containing multiples tracts that allows impulses to travel in all direction

Question 17

what is a tract ?

Answer 17

white matter pathway connecting 2 regions of grey matter. impulses in only 1 direction

Question 18

What is a fasciculus ?

Answer 18

Subdivision of a tract supplying a distinct region of the body

Question 19

in what way do Grey matter structures in the spinal cord supply muscles ?

Answer 19

multiple roots from each spinal level can supply each muscles via motor neurones as long as they are adjacent to each other. e.g. L1/2/3 supply iliopsoas

Question 20

What is a Nucleus in the the CNS?

Answer 20

a collection of cell bodies

Question 21

What is the arrangement of matter in the Brain?

Answer 21

Outer cortex = grey
Inner = white
the most inner = grey again

Question 22

What is a fibre and what are the 3 types of fibres?

Answer 22

an axon with its supporting cells
Association = Connect within a hemisphere
Commissural = connects between hemispheres
Projection = Cerebral hemispheres with the brainstem

Question 23

What are the cerebral peduncles ?

Answer 23

in the midbrain = white matter containing corticospinal fibres from ipsilateral hemisphere

Question 24

What is the substania nigra ?

Answer 24

in the midbrain = grey matter = dopaminergic neurones

to the corpus striatum

Question 25

What is the oculomotor nucleus

Answer 25

grey matte in midbrain, LMN bodies that project to oculomotor nerve

Question 26

What is edinger-westphal nucleus ?

Answer 26

parasympathetic neurones to ciliary ganglion = pupillary constriction

Question 27

What is the cerebral aqueduct ?

Answer 27

a duct that drains CSF from 3rd ventricles to 4th under the cerebellum

Question 28

Key functions of the midbrain

Answer 28

eye movement , reflex responses to visual and auditory stimuli

Question 29

Key functions of pons?

Answer 29

Feeding and sleep (Reticular formation)

Question 30

What ventricle is close to pons

Answer 30

Fourth ventricle

Question 31

What runs close to pons?

Answer 31

basilar artery

Question 32

What tract runs in the pons ventrally?

Answer 32

Corticospinal tract

Question 33

what nerves runs laterally out the pons?

Answer 33

trigeminal

Question 34

What can compress the Pons?

Answer 34

the fourth ventricle lies anteriorly

Question 35

What is within the pyramids of the medulla ?

Answer 35

White matter containing corticospinal fibres coming from ipsilateral hemisphere , desscuating caudally

Question 36

What nuclei is present in medulla? what are their functions?

Answer 36

Gracile and cuneate nuclei - second order neurones for dorsal column pathway

Question 37

What is the main function of the medulla?

Answer 37

cardiorespiratory homeostasis

Question 38

What does the lateral / Slyvian fissure separate ?

Answer 38

the parietal/frontal lobe from the temporal

Question 39

what lies across the visual cortex ?

Answer 39

calcarine sulcus

Question 40

What structure lies in the medial temporal lobe and can herniate past tentorium cerebelli compressing what ?

Answer 40

Uncus - compress the the midbrain

Question 41

what connect the hemispheres?

Answer 41

corpus callosum

Question 42

What contain 3rd order neurones that project to primary sensory cortex?

Answer 42

Thalamus

Question 43

what does the cingulate gyrus do ?

Answer 43

emotional processing

Question 44

Where is the hypothalamus found ?

Answer 44

Walls of the 3rd ventricle

Question 45

What is the key output of the hypothalamus?

Answer 45

the fornix

Question 46

What can herniate in the cerebellum and how does it cause death?

Answer 46

Cerebellar tonsils via foramen magnum | raised ICP = compression on medulla (Cardio respiratory compromise )

Question 47

Where is CSF made ?

Answer 47

in the highly vascular choroid plexus of the ventricles. mostly the large lateral ventricles

Question 48

What are the functions of CSF?

Answer 48

``` Metabolic = glucose and hormones Mechanical= Shock absorbs / weightless ```

Question 49

Where does CSF flow and where is it reabsorbed ?

Answer 49

through the ventricles and subarchanoid space . | Arachnoid granulations into the s sagittal sinus into venous circulation

Question 50

What holes allow the flow of CSF from the ventricles to the subarachnoid space?

Answer 50

Lateral and medial apertures