Topography of the Brain

Question 1

what does the mantle layer form

Answer 1

brain parenchyma

Question 2

What is the role of the ependymal layer

Answer 2

lines ventricles

Question 3

Anencephaly

Answer 3

forebrain is exposed

failure of the anterior neuropore to close

Question 4

Spina bifida

Answer 4

gap in vertebral canal

Failure of posterior neuropore to close
cleft

Question 5

what forms the forebrain

Answer 5

Prosencephalon

Question 6

what forms the midbrain

Answer 6

Mesencephalon

Question 7

what forms the hindbrain

Answer 7

Rhombencephalon

pons/cerebellum

Question 8

Telencephalon

Answer 8

Comprises the cerebral hemispheres/cerebral cortex, components of the limbic system and the basal ganglia

Question 9

central sulcus

Answer 9

divides frontal from parietal lobe

Question 10

lateral sulcus

Answer 10

divides temporal from parietal lobe

Question 11

precentral gyrus

Answer 11

motor

Question 12

postcentral gyrus

Answer 12

sensory

Question 13

what is the corpus callosum

Answer 13

White matter tract linking cerebral hemispheres

Question 14

what is the Limbic system responsible for

Answer 14

found in telencephalon and diencephalon

emotion and memory

Question 15

What is the Basal ganglia

Answer 15

Series of interconnected nuclei at base of forebrain

Involved in the control of posture and voluntary movement

Question 16

What is the fornix

Answer 16

semi-circular white matter tract connecting hippocampus (in temp lobe) and the mammillary bodies

Question 17

Describe the caudate nucleus

Answer 17

component of basal ganglia

c-shaped

Question 18

Describe the lentiform nucleus

Answer 18

lateral to caudate nucleus

lens shaped

Question 19

What is the internal capsule

Answer 19

forms major white matter tract

Question 20

Diencephalon

Answer 20

Comprises the thalamus and hypothalamus

Question 21

what is the role of the thalamus

Answer 21

relays sensory info to cortex

Involved with voluntary movement, personality and consciousness

Question 22

What is the role of the hypothalamus

Answer 22

HOMEOSTASIS

• Coordinates ANS and endocrine responses
• Involved in thermoregulation, feeding, drinking, circadian rhythms
• Receives inputs from limbic system

Question 23

What does the pineal gland do

Answer 23

produces melatonin

sleep

Question 24

What is contained within brainstem

Answer 24

• Cranial nerve nuclei within all three regions
• Vital respiratory and cardiovascular centres
• Vomiting centre
• Nuclei involved with motor control, sleep
• White matter tracts

Question 25

What are the cerebral peduncles?

Answer 25

White matter tracts connecting pons with diencephalon

Question 26

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 26

White matter tracts linking brainstem with cerebellum

Question 27

What are the main functions of the cerebellum

Answer 27

- Control of posture - Coordinating and planning limb movements - Control of eye movements

Question 28

Describe the structure of the cerebellum

Answer 28

- Connected to brainstem by cerebellar peduncles - Outer gray matter - Underlying white matter - Two cerebellar hemispheres - Three lobes - Contains nuclei

Question 29

Briefly describe the embryological development of the CNS

Answer 29

- Neuroectoderm recieves signals from notochord - neural plate- thickened neuroectoderm - neural fold - neural tube

Question 30

What do neural crest cells differentiate into?

Answer 30

- Neurons and glia of the sensory and autonomic nervous systems - Cells of the adrenal gland - Epidermis - Skeletal/connective tissue of the head

Question 31

Main functions of the red nucleus

Answer 31

Motor coordination | -relay between cortex and cerebellum

Question 32

Main functions of reticular formation

Answer 32

Nuclei concerned with sleep, motor control