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MASTER MUSCLES > torso & neck > Flashcards

torso & neck Flashcards

1
Q

Iliocostalis

A

Origin TO insertion:
Lumborum:
- Medial iliac crest
- Medial and lateral sacral crest
TO
- Angles of ribs 7-12

Thoracis:
- Angles of ribs 7-12
TO
- Angles of ribs 1-6
- Transverse process of C7

Cervicis:
- Angles of ribs 3-6
TO
- Transverse process of C4-C6

Action:
1. Extension of trunk & neck @ spinal joints
2. Lateral flexion of trunk & neck @ spinal joints
3. Ipsilateral rotation of trunk & neck @ spinal joints

Nerve:
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Arterial supply:
Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

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2
Q

Longissimus

A

Origin TO Insertion:
Thoracis:
- Medial iliac crest
- Posterior sacrum
- Transverse processes and spinal processes of L1-L5
TO
- Transverse processes of T1-T5 (all)
- Ribs 4-12 (between tubercles and angles)

Cervicis:
- Transverse processes T1-T5
TO
- Transverse processes of C2-C6 (posterior tubercles)

Capitis:
- Transverse processes of T1-T5
- Articular processes of C5-C7
TO
- Mastoid process of temporal bone

Action:
1. Extension of the trunk, neck, head @ spinal joints
2. Lateral flexion of trunk, neck, head @ spinal joints
3. Ipsilateral rotation of trunk, neck, head @ spinal joints

Nerve:
- Dorsal Rami of Spinal nerves

Arterial supply:
- Dorsal branches of posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

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3
Q

Spinalis

A

Origin TO Insertion:
Thoracis:
- Spinous processes of T11-L2
TO
- Spinous processes of T4-T8

Cervicis:
- Inferior nuchal ligament
- Spinous process of C7
TO
- Spinous process of C2

Capitis:
- Transverse processes of C7-T6
- Articular process of C4-C6
- Medial part of semispinalis capitis
TO
- Occipital bone between superior and inferior nuchal line

Actions:
1. Extension of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints
2. Lateral flexion of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints

Nerve:
Dorsal rami of spinal n.

Arterial supply:
Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

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4
Q

Semispinalis

A

Origin TO Insertion:
Thoracis:
- TVP T6 - T10
TO
- SP C6-T4

Cervicis:
- TVP of T1-T5
TO
- SP C2-C5

Capitis:
- TVP C7-T6
- Articular processes of C4-C6
TO
- Occipital bone between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

Action:
1. Extension of the trunk, neck, head @ spinal joints
2. Lateral flexion of the trunk, neck, head @ spinal joints
3. Contralateral rotation of the trunk, neck @ spinal joints

Nerve:
Dorsal rami of spinal n.

Arterial supply:
- Occipital a
- Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal a.
- Deep cervical a.

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5
Q

Multifidus

A

Origin:
Lumbar
- All mamillary processes (directly deep to ESG)
Thoracic:
- All transverse processes (directly deep to semispinalis)
Cervical:
- Articular processes of C4-C7 (directly deep to semispinalis)

Insertion:
- Spinous processes 3-4 segments above the origin (superior to the inferior origin)

Action:
1. Extension of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints
2. Lateral flexion of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints
3. Contralateral rotation of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints

Nerve:
dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Arterial supply:
Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

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6
Q

Rotatores

A

Origin:
-Transverse processes (inferiorly)

Insertion:
- Lamina (superiorly) 1-2 segments above (superior to the inferior orgin)

Action:
1. Contralateral rotation of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints
2. Extension of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints
3. Lateral flexion of the trunk & neck @ spinal joints

Nerve:
Dorsal rami of spinal nerves

Arterial supply:
Dorsal branches of the posterior intercostal and lumbar arteries

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7
Q

Splenius capitus

A

Origin:
- Nuchal ligament from C3-C6
- Spinous process of C7-T4

Insertion:
-Mastoid process of the temporal bone
- Lateral 1/3 of the superior nuchal line of the occiput

Action:
1. Extension of the head & neck @ spinal joints
2. Lateral flexion of the head & neck @ spinal joints
3. Ipsilateral rotation of the head @ spinal joints

nerve:
dorsal rami of the middle cervical spinal nerves

arterial supply:
occipital artery

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8
Q

Splenius Cervicis

A

Origin:
- Spinous processes of T3-T6

Insertion:
- Posterior tubercles of Transverse processes C1-C3

Function:
1. Extension of the neck @ spinal joints
2. Lateral flexion of the neck @ spinal joints
3. Ipsilateral rotation of the neck @ spinal joints

Nerve:
Dorsal Rami of the lower cervical spinal nerves

Arterial supply:
Occipital artery
Dorsal branches of teh upper posterior intercostal arteries

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9
Q

Rectus capitis Posterior minor

A

Origin:
- Posterior tubercle of Atlas (C1)

Insertion:
- Medial 1/2 of the inferior nuchal line
- Connective tissue attached to the dura mater

Function:
1. Protraction of the head @ atlanto-occipital joint
2. Capital extension of the head @ AOJ
3. Lateral flexion of the head @ AOJ

Nerve:
Dorsal Ramus of C1 - suboccipital n.

Arterial Supply:
Occipital a., Deep cervical a., Vertebral a.

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10
Q

Rectus Capitis Posterior Major

A

Origin:
- Spinous Process of Axis

Insertion:
- Lateral 1/2 of the inferior nuchal line of the occiput

Function:
1. Extension of the head @ atlanto-occipital joint
2. Lateral flexion of head @ AOJ
3. Ipsilateral rotation of head @ AOJ

nerve:
Dorsal ramus of C1 - suboccipital nerve

arterial supply:
Occipital a., Deep cervical a., muscular branches of vertebral a.

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11
Q

Obliquus Capitis Inferior

A

Origin:
- Spinous process of the Axis (C2)

Insertion:
- Transverse process of the atlas (C1)

Function:
1. Ipsilateral rotation of the atlas @ the atlanto-axial joint

nerve:
Dorsal ramus of C1 - suboccipital nerve

arterial supply:
Deep cervical a., descending branch of occipital a., vertebral a.

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12
Q

Obliquus capitis superior

A

Origin:
- Transverse process of atlas (c1)

insertion:
- Occiput between the superior and inferior nuchal lines

function:
1. Protraction of the head @ atlanto-occipital joint (AOJ)
2. lateral flexion of the head @ AOJ
3. Capital extension of the head @ AOJ
4. Contralateral rotation of the head @ AOJ

Nerve:
Dorsal ramus of C1 - suboccipital n.

arterial supply:
Occipital a., deep cervical a., vertebral a.

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13
Q

Rectus capitis anterior

A

Origin:
- Anterior surface of the base of the transverse process of the Atlas (c1)

Insertion:
- Inferior surface of the basilar portion of the occiput (anterior to foramen magnum)

Function:
1. Flexion of the head @ atlanto-occipital joint

nerve:
- ventral rami of c1-c2 spinal n.

arterial supply:
vertebral a.

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14
Q

rectus capitis lateralis

A

origin:
- superior surface of transverse process of atlas (c1)

insertion:
- Inferior surface of the jugular process of the occiput

function:
1. Lateral flexion of the head @ atlanto-occipital j.

nerve:
- ventral rami of c1-c2 spinal n.

arterial supply:
vertebral a.
occipital a.

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15
Q

Longus colli

A

origin:
- superior oblique part of the transverse process c3-c5
- inferior oblique part of anterior bodies of t1-t3
- vertical part of anterior bodies of c5-t3

insertion:
- anterior arch of c1
- transverse processes of c5-c6
- anterior bodies of c2-c4

function:
1. flexion of neck @ spinal j.
2. lateral flexion of neck @ spinal j.
3. contralateral rotation of neck @ spinal j.

nerve:
ventral rami of c2-c6 spinal n.

arterial supply:
inferior thyroid a.
vertebral a.
ascending pharyngeal a.

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16
Q

longus capitis

A

origin:
- anterior tubercles of transverse processes of c3-c5 (often c6)

insertion:
- inferior surface of basilar part of the occiput (anterior to foramen magnum)

function:
1. flexion of neck and head @ spinal j.
2. lateral flexion of neck & head @ spinal j.

nerve:
ventral rami of c1-c3 spinal n.

arterial supply:
inferior thyroid a.
vertebral a.
ascending pharyngeal a.

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17
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

origin:
sternal head:
- anterior superior surface of the manubrium of the sternum
clavicular head:
- medial 1/3 of the clavicle

insertion:
- Mastoid process of the temporal bone
- Lateral 1/2 of the superior nuchal line of the occipital bone

function:
1. flexion of the lower neck @ spinal joints (bilateral)
2. Extension of the upper neck and head @ spinal joints & AOJ (bilateral)
3. Lateral flexion of the neck & head @ spinal joints (unilateral)
4. Contralateral rotation of the neck and head @ spinal joints (unilateral)

nerve:
spinal accessory n. (CN XI) & C2-c3

arterial supply:
occipital a.
posterior auricular a.

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18
Q

Anterior Scalene

A

Origin:
- anterior tubercle of transverse processes c3-c6

insertion:
- rib 1 (scalene tubercle on inner border)

function:
1. bilateral flexion of the neck @ spinal joints
2. unilateral lateral flexion of the neck @ spinal j.
3. elevation of rib 1 @ sternocostal and costospinal j.
4. contralateral rotation of the neck @ spinal joints

nerve:
ventral rami of c4-c6

arterial supply:
ascending cranial a. (branch of the inferior thyroid artery)

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19
Q

Middle Scalene

A

origin:
- posterior tubercles of transverse processes of c2-c7

insertion:
- rib 1 (superior surface)

function:
1. bilateral flexion of the neck @ spinal j.
2. unilateral lateral flexion of the neck @ spinal j.
3. elevation of rib 1 @ sternocostal and costospinal j.

nerve:
ventral rami of c3-c8

arterial supply:
transverse cervical artery

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20
Q

posterior scalene

A

origin:
- posterior tubercles of transverse processes c5-c7

insertion:
- rib 2 (external surface)

function:
1. unilateral lateral flexion of the neck @ spinal j.
2. elevation of rib 2 @ sternocostal and costospinal j.

nerve:
ventral rami of c5-c8 spinal n.

arterial supply:
transverse cervical a.

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21
Q

platysma

A

origin:
-subcutaneous fascia of the superior chest (pectoral and deltoid fascia)

insertion:
-mandible and subcutaneous fascia of the lower face

function:
1. draws up the skin of the superior chest and neck - creating ridges of skin on the neck
2. depresses and draws laterally the lower lip

nerve:
facial n. (CN VII)

arterial supply:
facial a.

22
Q

serratus posterior superior

A

origin:
- spinous process of C7-T3
- lower nuchal ligament

insertion:
- superior borders and external surfaces of ribs 2-5

function:
1. elevation of ribs 2-5 @ sternocostal and costospinal j.

nerve:
intercostal nerves 2-5

arterial supply:
dorsal branches of posterior intercostal arteries

23
Q

Serratus posterior inferior

A

origin:
- spinous processes of T11- L2

insertion:
- inferior borders and external surfaces of ribs 9-12

function:
1. depression of ribs 9-12 @ sternocostal and costospinal j.

nerve:
subcostal n
intercostal nerves 9-11

arterial supply:
dorsal branches of posterior intercostal a.

24
Q

quadratus lumborum

A

origin:
- medial 1/2 of the interior border of the 12th rib
- transverse process of L1-L4

insertion:
- posteromedial iliac crest
- iliolumbar ligament

function:
1. ipsilateral elevation of the pelvis @ lumbosacral j
2. anterior pelvic tilt @ lumbosacral j.
3. lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal j.
4. depression of the 12th rib @ costospinal j.
5. extension of the trunk @ spinal j.

nerve:
lumbar plexus

arterial supply:
-branches of the subcostal and lumbar arteries
-iliolumbar a.

25
Q

diaphragm

A

Origin:
costal part:
- internal surface of ribs 7-12 & their costal cartilages
sternal part:
- internal surface of xiphoid process of sternum
lumbar part:
- medial and lateral arcuate ligaments of L1-L3
- Right and left crura (tendons)

insertion:
central tendon (dome) of the diaphragm

function:
1. increases the volume (expands) the thoracic cavity via abdominal breathing

nerve:
phrenic n. C3-C5

arterial supply:
- aorta
- internal thoracic a.
- superior and inferior phrenic a.
- musculophrenic and pericardiacophrenic a.

26
Q

Piriformis

A

origin:
- anterior sacrum
- anterior surface of the sacrotuberous ligament

insertion:
- superomedial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

function:
1. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
2. horizontal abduction of the thigh @ hip joint
3. medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint (past 90* of flexion)
4. contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
nerve to piriformis (lumbosacral plexus)

arterial supply:
superior and inferior gluteal arteries

27
Q

superior gemellus

A

origin:
- ischial spine

insertion:
- medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

function:
1. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve:
- nerve to obturator internus (of the lumbosacral plexus)

arterial supply:
inferior gluteal artery

28
Q

obturator internus

A

origin:
- internal surface of the obturator foramen margin
- obturator membrane
- ischium
- pubis
- ilium

insertion:
- medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

function:
1. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
2. contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
nerve to obturator internus (lumbosacral plexus)

arterial supply:
- superior and inferior gluteal arteries
- obturator artery

29
Q

inferior gemellus

A

origin:
- superior aspect of the ischial tuberosity

insertion:
- medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

function:
1. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
2. contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
nerve to quadratus femoris (lumbosacral plexus)

arterial supply:
inferior gluteal a.
obturator a.

30
Q

obturator externus

A

origin:
- external surface of the obturator margin pubis
- obturator membrane

insertion:
- trochanteric fossa of the femur

function:
1. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
2. contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
obturator nerve (L3/L4)

arterial supply:
obturator a.

31
Q

quadratus femoris

A

origin:
- lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

insertion:
- intertrochanteric crest of the femur

function:
1. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
2. contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5/S1) (lumbosacral plexus)

arterial supply:
inferior gluteal a.
obturator a.

32
Q

pectoralis major

A

origin:
- medial 1/2 of the clavicle
- sternum
- costal cartilages of ribs 1-7
- aponeurosis of the external abdominal oblique

insertion:
- lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

function:
1. adduction of the arm @ glenohumeral joint (GH j.)
2. medial rotation of the arm @ GH j.
3. flexion of the arm @ GH j.
4. extension of the arm @ GH j.
5. abduction of the arm @ GH j.
6. Horizontal adduction of the arm @ GH j.

nerve:
medial and lateral pectoral n.

arterial supply:
- pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial trunk
- posterior intercostal a.
- lateral thoracic a.

33
Q

pectoralis minor

A

origin:
- ribs 3-5

insertion:
- corocoid process of the scapula on the medial aspect

function:
1. protraction of the scapula @ scapulothoracic j.
2. depression of the scapula @ scapulothoracic j.
3. downward rotation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic j.
4. elevation of ribs 3-5 @ sternocostal & costovertebral j.

nerve:
medial and lateral pectoral n.

arterial supply:
- pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial trunk
- posterior intercostal a.
- lateral thoracic a.

34
Q

subclavius

A

origin:
- rib 1 at the junction of its costal cartilage

insertion:
- subclavian groove of the clavicle (middle 1/3 of the inferior surface)

function:
1. depression of the clavicle @ sternoclavicular j.

nerve:
nerve from the brachial plexus

arterial supply:
- clavicular branch of the thoracoacromial trunk
- suprascapular a.

35
Q

levator scapulae

A

origin:
transverse processes of C1-C4

insertion:
- medial border of the scapula (from the spine of the scapula to the superior angle)

function:
1. elevation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic j.
2. downwards rotation of the scapula @ the scapulothoracic j.
3. lateral flexion of the neck @ spinal j.
4. extension of the neck @ spinal j.

nerve:
dorsal scapular n.

arterial supply:
dorsal scapular a.

36
Q

serratus anterior

A

origin:
- anterolateral ribs 1-9

insertion:
- anterior medial border of the scapula

function:
1. protraction of the scapula @ scapulothoracic j.
2. upwards rotation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic j.

nerve:
long thoracic j.

arterial supply:
- dorsal scapular a.
- lateral thoracic a.
- superior thoracic a.

37
Q

external intercostals

A

origin:
- inferior border of 1 rib

insertion:
- superior border of the rib directly inferior

function:
1. elevation of ribs 1-12 @ sternocostal & costovertebral j.
2. contralateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal j.

nerve:
intercostal n.

arterial supply:
- anterior & posterior intercostal a.
- branches of teh costocervical trunk
- superior thoracic a.

38
Q

Internal intercostals

A

origin:
- superior border of one rib and costal cartilage

insertion:
inferior border of the rib @ costal cartilages directly superior

function:
1. depression of ribs 1-11 @ sternocostal and costospinal j.
2. ipsilateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal j.

nerve:
intercostal n.

arterial supply:
- anterior and posterior intercostal a.
- branches of the costocervical trunk
- superior thoracic a.

39
Q

rectus abdominis

A

origin:
- pubic symphysis
- pubic crest

insertion:
- xiphoid process of the sternum
- cartilage of rib 5-7

function:
- flexion of the trunk @ spinal j.
- lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal j.
- posterior pelvic tilt @ lumbosacral j.
- compression of the abdominopelvic cavity

nerve:
ventral rami of T5-T12

arterial supply:
- superior & inferior epigastric a.
- terminal branches of the subcostal and posterior intercostal a.

40
Q

external abdominal oblique

A

origin:
- anterior iliac crest
- pubic tubercle
- pubic crest
- abdominal aponeurosis

insertion:
- inferior border of ribs 5-12

function:
1. flexion of the trunk @ spinal joints
2. lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal joints
3. contralateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal joints
4. posterior pelvic tilt @ lumbosacral j.
5. compression of the abdominopelvic cavity

nerve:
- ventral rami

arterial supply:
- subcostal and posterior intercostal arteries
- deep circumflex iliac a.
- inferior epigastric a.

41
Q

Internal abdominal oblique

A

origin:
- lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament
- anterior iliac crest
- thoracolumbar fascia

insertion:
- ribs 10-12
- abdominal aponeurosis

function:
1. flexion of the trunk @ spinal joints
2. ipsilateral rotation of the trunk @ spinal j.
3. lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal joints
4. posterior pelvic tilt @ lumbosacral j.
5. compresses the abdominopelvic cavity

nerve: ventral rami of T7-L1

arterial supply:
- subcostal and posterior intercostal a.
- deep circumflex iliac a.
- inferior epigastric a.

42
Q

transverse abdominis

A

origin:
- Lateral 2/3 of the inguinal ligament
- iliac crest
- thoracolumbar fascia
- costal cartilages of ribs 7-12

insertion:
- linea alba of the abdominal aponeurosis

function:
1. compresses the abdominopelvic cavity

nerve:
ventral rami of T7-L1

arterial supply:
- subcostal and posterior intercostal arteries
- deep circumflex iliac a.
- inferior epigastric a.

43
Q

psoas minor

A

origin:
anterolateral bodies of T12-L1 and the disc between them

insertion:
- pectineal line of the pubis
- iliopectineal eminence

function:
1. flexion of the trunk @ spinal j.
2. posterior pelvic tilt @ lumbosacral j.

nerve:
L1 Spinal n.

arterial supply:
- lumbar a.

44
Q

psoas major

A

origin:
- anterolateral bodies of T12 - L5
- intervertebral discs between and anteriorly on the transverse processes of L1-L5

insertion:
lesser trochanter of the femur

function:
1. flexion of the thigh @ hip j.
2. posterior pelvic tilt @ lumbosacral j.
3. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip j.
4. flexion of the trunk @ spinal j.
5. anterior pelvic tilt @ hip j.
6. lateral flexion of the trunk @ spinal j.

nerve:
lumbar plexus

arterial supply:
lumbar a.

45
Q

iliacus

A

origin:
- internal ilium
- upper 2/3 of the iliac fossa
- anterior inferior iliac spine
- sacral ala

insertion:
- lesser trochanter of the femur

function:
1. flexion of the thigh @ hip j.
2. lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip j.
3. anterior pelvic tilt @ hip j.

nerve:
femoral n.

arterial supply:
iliolumbar a.
obturator a.

46
Q

Trapezius

A

Origin:
Upper:
external occipital protuberance
medial 1/3 of the superior nuchal line of the occiptal bone
ligamentum nuchae
SP C7

Middle:
SP T1-T5

Lower: SP T6-T12

Insertion:
Upper:
Lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Acromion process of the scapula

Middle:
Acromion process of the scapula
Spine of the scapula

Lower:
Tubercle at the root of the spine of the scapula

Action:
Elevation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint
Retraction of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint
Upwards rotation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint
Extension of teh head & neck @ AOJ + spinal joints
Contralateral rotation of the head & neck @ AAJ & spinal joints
Lateral flexion of the head & neck @ spinal joints
Depression of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint

Nerve:
spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

47
Q

Rhomboids Minor

A

Origin:
SP C7-T1
Inferior nuchal ligament

Insertion:
Root of the spine of the scapula

Action:
Retraction of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint
Downwards rotation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint
Elevation of the scapula @ the scapulothoracic joint

Nerve:
Dorsal scapular nerve

48
Q

Rhomboid Major

A

Origin:
SP T2- T5

Insertion:
medial border of the scapula inferior to the spine of the scapula (between the root of the spine and inferior angle of the scapula)

Action:
Retraction of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint
Downwards rotation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint
Elevation of the scapula @ scapulothoracic joint

nerve:
Dorsal scapular nerve

49
Q

Latissimus Dorsi

A

Origin:
SP T7-L1 via thoracolumbar fascia
Posterior sacrum
Posterior iliac crest
Lowest 3-4 ribs
Inferior angle of the scapula

Insertion:
Medial lip of the bicipital groove of the humerus

Action:
Extension of the arm @ GH joint
Medial rotation of the arm @ GH joint
Adduction of the arm @ GH joint
Anterior pelvic tilt @ lumbosacral joint

Nerve: Thoracodorsal nerve

50
Q

Diaphragm

A

Origin:
Costal part:
Internal surface of ribs 7-12 + their costal cartilages

Sternal part:
Internal surface of xiphoid process of sternum

Lumbar part:
Medial & lateral arcuate ligament of L1-L3
Right and Left crura (tendons)

Insertion:
Central tendon (dome) of the diaphragm

Action:
Increases the volume (expands) the thoracic cavity via abdominal breathing

Nerve:
Phrenic nerve

MASTER MUSCLES (4 decks)

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