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master muscles > Lower Extremity > Flashcards

Lower Extremity Flashcards

1
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin
Proximal 2/3 of the anterior fibula
Proximal 1/3 of the interosseus membrane
Lateral tibial condyle

Insertion
Dorsal surface of the middle & distal phalanges of toes 2-5

Action (first 2 required only)
1. Extension of digits 2-5 @ metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, and distal interphalangeal joint
2. Dorsiflexion of the foot @ ankle joint
3. Eversion of the foot @ subtalar j.

Innervation
Deep fibular nerve

Arterial supply
Anterior tibial artery

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2
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin
Middle 1/3 of the anterior fibula
Middle 1/3 of the interosseous membrane

Insertion
Dorsal surface of the distal phalanx of the big toe

Action (first 2 required only)
1. Extension of digit 1 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint, and interphalangeal joint
2. Dorsiflexion of the foot @ ankle joint
3. Inversion of the foot @ subtalar joint

Innervation
Deep fibular nerve

Arterial Supply
Anterior Tibial Artery

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3
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

A

Origin
Dorsal surface of the calcaneus

Insertion
Lateral side of distal tendon of extensor digitorum longus for digits 2-4

Action
1. Extension of digits 2-4 @ metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, and distal interphalangeal joint

Innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve

Arterial Supply
Dorsalis Pedis Artery

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4
Q

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

A

Origin
Dorsal surface of the calcaneus

Insertion
Dorsal surface of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

Action
1. Extension of the big toe @ metatarsophalangeal joint

Innervation
Deep Fibular Nerve

Arterial Supply
Dorsalis Pedis Artery

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5
Q

Popliteus

A

Origin
Posterolateral surface of the lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion
Proximal Posteromedial tibia

Action
1. Flexion of the leg @ knee joint (unlocks the knee)
2. Internal rotation of the leg @ knee joint

Innervation
Tibial Nerve

Arterial Supply
Branches of the Popliteal Artery

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6
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus

A

Origin
Middle 1/3 of the posterior tibia

Insertion
Plantar surface of the distal phalanges of digits 2-5

Action
1. Flexion of digits 2-5 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, and distal interphalangeal joint
2. Plantar flexion of the foot @ the ankle joint
3. Inversion of the foot @ the subtalar joint

Innervation
Tibial Nerve

Arterial Supply
Posterior Tibial Artery

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7
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus

A

Origin
Distal 2/3 of the posterior fibula
Distal 2/3 of the interosseous membrane

Insertion
Plantar surface of the distal phalanx of the big toe

Action
1. Flexion of the big toe @ metatarsophalangeal joint, and interphalangeal joint
2. Inversion of the foot @ subtalar joint
3. Plantar flexion of the foot @ ankle joint

Innervation
Tibial Nerve

Arterial Supply
Posterior Tibial Artery

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8
Q

Name the first layer intrinsic foot muscles

A

Abductor Hallucis
Abductor Digiti Minimi Pedis
Flexor Digitorum Brevis

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9
Q

Abductor Hallucis
*1st intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Tuberosity of the Calcaneus
Flexor Retinaculum
Plantar Fascia

Insertion
Medial plantar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

Action
1. Abduction of the big toe @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
2. Flexion of the big toe @ the metatarsophalangeal joint

Innervation
Medial plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Medial plantar artery

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10
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi Pedis
*1st intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Tuberosity of the calcaneous
Plantar fascia

Insertion
Lateral plantar side of the base of the proximal phalanx of the little toe

Action (#1 of 2 required only)
1. Abduction of the little toe @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
2. Flexion of the little toe @ the metatarsophalangeal joint

Innervation
Lateral Plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Lateral plantar artery

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11
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis
*1st intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Tuberosity of the calcaneus
Plantar fascia

Insertion
Medial and lateral sides of the middle phalanges for toes 2-5

Action
1. Flexion of toes 2-5 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint and proximal interphalangeal joint

Innervation
Medial plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Medial & Lateral plantar arteries

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12
Q

Name the muscles of the second layer intrinsic foot

A

Quadratus Plantae
Lumbrical Pedis

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13
Q

Quadratus Plantae
*2nd intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Medial and lateral sides of the calcaneus

Insertion
Lateral margin of the distal tendon of the flexor digitorum longus muscle

Action
1. Flexion of toes 2-5 at the metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal interphalangeal joint, and distal interphalangeal joint

Innervation
Lateral Plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Medial and lateral plantar arteries

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14
Q

Lumbrical Pedis
*2nd intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Lumbrical 1: medial border of the distal flexor digitorum longus tendon of toe 2
Lumbrical 2: adjacent sides of the distal flexor digitorum longus tendon of toes 2 and 3
Lumbrical 3: adjacent sides of the distal flexor digitorum longus tendon of toes 3 and 4
Lumbrical 4: adjacent sides of the distal flexor digitorum longus tendon of toes 4 and 5

Insertion
Medial sides of the extensor digitorum longus tendon via the dorsal digital expansion of toes 2 to 5

Action
1. Flexion of toes 2 to 5 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
2. Extension of toes 2 to 5 @ the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

Innervation
Lumbrical 1: Medial plantar nerve
Lumbrical 2-4: Lateral plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Medial and Lateral plantar arteries

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15
Q

Name the muscles of the 3rd layer intrinsic foot

A

Flexor Hallucis Brevis
Flexor Digiti Minimi Pedis
Adductor Hallucis

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16
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis
*3rd intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Cuboid
Third cuneiform

Insertion
Medial and lateral sides of the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

Action
1. Flexion of the big toe @ the metatarsophalangeal joint

Innervation
Medial plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Medial plantar artery

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17
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Pedis
*3rd intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Plantar surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal
Distal tendon of the fibularis longus

Insertion
Plantar surface of the proximal phalanx of the little toe

Action
1. Flexion of the little toe @ the metatarsophalangeal joint

Innervation
Lateral plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Lateral plantar artery

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18
Q

Adductor Hallucis
*3rd intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Oblique head: Base of metatarsal 2 to 4
Distal tendon of the fibularis longus
Transverse head: plantar metatarsophalangeal ligaments

Insertion
Lateral base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe

Action (1 of 2 required only)
1. Adduction of the big toe @ metatarsophalangeal joint
2. Flexion of the big toe @ the MTP

Innervation
Lateral plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Branches of the plantar arch

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19
Q

Name the muscles of the 4th layer of the intrinsic foot

A

Plantar interossei
Dorsal Interossei Pedis

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20
Q

Plantar Interossei
*4th layer intrinsic foot

A

Origin
Metatarsals 3-5 (2nd toe side)
Plantar interossei 1: Medial side of Metatarsal 3
Plantar interossei 2: Medial side of Metatarsal 4
Plantar interossei 3: Medial side of Metatarsal 5

Insertion
Proximal phalanges of toes 3-5 on the medial side (2nd toe side)
Dorsal digital expansion
Plantar interossei 1: Digit 3
Plantar interossei 2: Digit 4
Plantar interossei 3: Digit 5

Action
1. Adduction of toes 3-5 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
2. Flexion of toes 3-5 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
3. Extension of toes 3-5 @ the proximal and distal interphalangeal joint

Innervation
Lateral plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Branches of the plantar arch

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21
Q

Dorsal Interossei Pedis
*4th intrinsic foot layer

A

Origin
Adjacent sides of 2 metatarsals:
Dorsal interossei pedis 1: Adjacent sides of Metatarsals 1 & 2
Dorsal interossei pedis 2: Adjacent sides of Metatarsals 2 & 3
Dorsal interossei pedis 3: Adjacent sides of Metatarsals 3 & 4
Dorsal interossei pedis 4: Adjacent sides of Metatarsals 4 & 5

Insertion
Base of the proximal phalanges of digits 2-4 (sides away from the center of the 2nd toe)
Dorsal Digital Expansion
Dorsal interossei pedis 1: Medial side of digit 2
Dorsal interossei pedis 2: Lateral side of digit 2
Dorsal interossei pedis 3: Lateral side of digit 3
Dorsal interossei pedis 4: Lateral side of digit 4

Action
1. Abduction of digits 2-4 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
2. Flexion of the digits 2-4 @ the metatarsophalangeal joint
3. Extension of the digits 2-4 @ the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints

Innervation
Lateral plantar nerve

Arterial supply
Branches of the plantar arch

22
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Origin:
Posterior iliac crest
Posterolateral sacrum
Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion:
Iliotibial tract
Gluteal tuberosity of femur

Action:
Extension of the thigh @ hip joint
Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
Abduction of the thigh @ hip joint (upper 1/3)
Adduction of the thigh @ hip joint (lower 2/3)
Posterior pelvic tilt @ hip joint

Innervation:
Inferior gluteal nerve

23
Q

Gluteus Medius

A

Origin:
External ilium (inferior to the iliac crest between the anterior and posterior gluteal lines)

Insertion:
Greater trochanter of the femur (lateral surface)

Action:
Abduction of the thigh @ hip joint
Extension of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
Flexion of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)
medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

24
Q

Gluteus Minimus

A

Origin:
External ilium (between the anterior and inferior gluteal lines)

Insertion:
Greater trochanter of the femur (anterior surface)

Action:
Abduction of the thigh @ hip joint
Extension of the thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
Lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint (posterior fibers)
Flexion of the thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)
Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint (anterior fibers)

Innervation:
Superior gluteal nerve

25
Q

Tensor Fascia Lata

A

Origin:
Anterior superior iliac spine
Anterior iliac crest

Insertion: Iliotibial band 1/3 ways down thigh)

Function:
Flexion of thigh @ hip joint
Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint
Abduction of thigh @ hip joint

Nerve: Superior gluteal nerve

26
Q

Piriformis

A

Origin:
Anterior sacrum
Anterior surface of the sacrotuberous ligament

Insertion:
superomedial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Function:
Lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
Horizontal abduction of thigh @ hip joint
Medial rotation of thigh @ hip joint (past 90* flexion)
Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint (reverse action)

Nerve:
Nerve to piriformis (lumbosacral plexus)

27
Q

Superior gemellus
deep external rotators

A

Origin:
Ischial spine

Insertion:
Medial surface of the greater trochanter of the femur

Function:
Lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint

Nerve:
nerve to obturator internus (lumbosacral plexus)

28
Q

Obturator Internus
deep external rotators

A

Origin:
Internal surface of the obturator foramen margin
Obturator membrane
Ischium
Pubis
Ilium

Insertion:
Greater trochanter of the femur (medial surface)

Function:
Lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
Contralateral rotation of pelvis @ hip joint

Nerve:
Nerve to obturator internus (lumbosacral plexus)

29
Q

Inferior Gemellus
deep external rotators

A

origin:
superior aspect of the ischial tuberosity

insertion:
greater trochanter of femur (medial surface)

function:
Lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
Contralateral rotation of pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
nerve to quadratus femoris (lumbosacral plexus)

30
Q

obturator externus
deep external rotators

A

origin:
external surface of the obturator margin on the ischium and pubis
obturator membrane

insertion:
trochanteric fossa of the femur

action:
lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
Contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
obturator nerve (L3/4)

31
Q

Quadratus femoris
deep external rotators

A

origin:
lateral border of the ischial tuberosity

insertion:
intertrochanteric crest of the femur

action:
lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
contralateral rotation of the pelvis @ hip joint

nerve:
nerve to quadratus femoris (L5/S1) - lumbosacral plexus

32
Q

pectineus

A

origin:
pectineal line of the pubis (superior pubic ramus)

insertion:
pectineal line of the femur (proximal posterior shaft of the femur)

action:
flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
adduction of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve:
femoral nerve

33
Q

biceps femoris

A

origin:
long head:
ischial tuberosity
sacrotuberous ligament

short head:
linea aspera
lateral supracondylar line of the femur

insertion:
head of the fibula
lateral tibial condyle

action:
flexion of the leg @ knee joint
extension of the thigh @ hip joint
lateral rotation of leg @ knee joint
lateral rotation of thigh @ hip joint
adduction of thigh @ hip joint

nerve:
sciatic nerve
long head: tibial division
short head: common peroneal division

34
Q

Semitendinosus

A

origin:
ischial tuberosity

insertion:
pes anserine tendon (proximal anteromedial tibia)

action:
flexion of the leg @ knee joint
extension of the thigh @ hip joint
medial rotation of the leg @ knee joint
medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
adduction of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve:
tibial nerve

35
Q

Semimembranosus

A

origin:
ischial tuberosity

insertion:
posterior surface of the medial condyle of the tibia

action:
flexion of the leg @ knee joint
extension of the thigh @ hip joint
medial rotation of the leg @ knee joint
medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
adduction of the thigh @ hip joint

innervation:
tibial nerve

36
Q

sartorius

A

origin:
anterior superior iliac spine

insertion:
pes anserine tendon (proximal anteromedial tibia)

action:
flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
abduction of the thigh @ hip joint
lateral rotation of the thigh @ hip joint
flexion of the leg @ knee joint
Medial rotation of the leg @ knee joint

nerve:
femoral nerve

37
Q

rectus femoris
quadriceps femoris

A

origin:
anterior inferior iliac spine

insertion:
tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament

action:
extension of the leg @ knee joint
flexion of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve: femoral nerve

38
Q

vastus lateralis
quadriceps femoris

A

origin:
lateral lip of the linea aspera of femur
intertrochanteric line of femur
gluteal tuberosity of femur

insertion:
tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament

action:
extension of the leg @ knee joint

nerve:
femoral nerve

39
Q

vastus medialis
quadriceps femoris

A

origin:
medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur
intertrochanteric line of femur
medial supracondylar line of the femur

insertion:
tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament

action:
extension of the leg @ knee joint

nerve: femoral nerve

40
Q

Adductor Longus

A

origin:
pubis

insertion:
middle 1/3 of the medial lip of the linea aspera of the femur

action:
adduction of the thigh @ hip joint
flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve:
obturator nerve

41
Q

Adductor brevis

A

origin:
inferior ramus of pubis

insertion:
proximal 1/3 of the linea aspera of the femur

action:
adduction of the thigh @ hip joint
flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve: obturator nerve

42
Q

adductor magnus

A

origin:
anterior head:
inferior pubis ramus
ramus of the ischium

posterior head:
ischial tuberosity

insertion:
anterior head:
gluteal tuberosity
linea aspera
medial supracondylar line of femur

posterior head:
adductor tubercle of the femur

action:
adduction of the thigh @ hip joint
extension of the thigh @ hip joint
flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve:
obturator nerve
sciatic nerve

43
Q

gracilis

A

origin:
anterior body and inferior ramus of pubis

insertion:
pes anserine tendon (proximal anteromedial tibia)

action:
adduction of the thigh @ hip joint
flexion of the thigh @ hip joint
flexion of the leg @ knee joint
medial rotation of the leg @ knee joint
medial rotation of the thigh @ hip joint

nerve:
obturator nerve

44
Q

Tibialis Anterior

A

origin:
lateral epicondyle
proximal 2/3 of anterior tibia
proximal 2/3 of interosseous membrane

insertion:
first cuneiform
first metatarsal

action:
dorsiflexion of the foot @ ankle joint
inversion / supination of foot @ subtalar joint

nerve:
deep fibular nerve

45
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius

A

origin:
distal 1/3 of the anterior fibula
distal 1/3 of the interosseous membrane

insertion:
dorsal surface of the base of the 5th metatarsal

action:
dorsiflexion of the foot @ ankle joint
eversion (pronation) of the foot @ subtalar joint

nerve:
deep fibular nerve

46
Q

fibularis (peroneus) longus

A

origin:
head of fibula
proximal 1/2 of the lateral surface of the fibula

insertion:
first cuneiform
first metatarsal

action:
eversion (pronation) of the foot @ subtalar joint
plantarflexion of the foot @ ankle joint

nerve:
superficial fibular nerve

47
Q

fibularis (peroneus) brevis

A

origin:
distal 1/2 of the lateral fibula

insertion:
lateral side of the base of the 5th metatarsal

function:
eversion (pronation) of foot @ subtalar joint
plantar flexion of the foot @ ankle joint

nerve:
superficial fibular nerve

48
Q

gastrocnemius

A

origin:
medial and layer condyles of the femur

insertion:
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

action:
plantar flexion of the foot @ ankle joint
flexion of the leg @ knee joint
inversion (supination) of the foot @ subtalar joint

nerve: tibial nerve

49
Q

soleus

A

origin:
soleal line of the femur
head of the posterior fibula
proximal 1/3 of the posterior fibula

insertion:
calcaneus via calcaneal tendon

action:
plantar flexion of foot @ ankle joint
inversion (supination) of the foot @ subtalar joint

nerve:
tibial nerve

50
Q

plantaris

A

origin:
posterolateral condyle of the femur

insertion:
distal lateral supracondylar line of the femur

action:
plantar flexion of the foot @ ankle joint
flexion of the leg @ knee joint
inversion (supination) of the foot @ subtalar joint

nerve:
tibial nerve

51
Q

tibialis posterior

A

origin:
posterior proximal 2/3 of tibia, fibula, and interosseous membrane

insertion:
navicular tuberosity
metatarsals 2-4
all 3 cuneiforms
cuboid
calcaneus
*all tarsal bones except talus and metatarsal 1

action:
plantarflexion of the foot @ ankle joint
Inversion (supination) of foot @ subtalar joint

nerve:
tibial nerve

master muscles (4 decks)

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