Torts Flashcards
Battery
- Harmful or offensive contact by ∆ 2. With the person of the π
Assault
- Placing π in reasonable apprehension 2. Of an immediate battery *Words alone are not enough
False Imprisonment
- An act of restraint by ∆ 2. Confining π to a bounded area 3. Where π knows of the restraint or is harmed by it
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED)
- Extreme and outrageous conduct by ∆ 2. Exceeding the bounds of civil society 3. Causing severe emotional distress *Intentional or reckless
Intentional Trespass to Land
- Physical invasion 2. Onto land of another *Not elemental invasion (that is nuisance)
Trespass to Chattels / Conversion
- Intentional interference 2. With the personal property of another *Trespass: reduction in value or temporary *Conversion: a complete loss of value or permanent
Express Consent Defense
AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE 1. π with legal capacity 2. Oral or written affirmative agreement 3. Reasonable in interpretation 4. ∆ acting within the scope of consent
Implied Consent Defense
AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE 1. π with legal capacity 2. Implied through custom, OR ∆’s understanding of π’s objective behavior and surrounding circumstances 4. Reasonable in interpretation 5. ∆ acting within the scope of consent
Self-Defense/Defense of Others
- ∆ perceived threat from π 2. Was actual or imminent 3. ∆’s belief was reasonable 4. Proportionate *Presumption that car/home intruder intends to act with deadly force
Defense of Property
- ∆ perceived threat from π 2. Was actual or imminent 3. ∆’s belief was reasonable 4. Proportionate *No deadly force or mechanical traps
Public Necessity Defense
- ∆ commits property tort 2. In response to an emergency 3. To protect the public at large *Complete defense
Private Necessity Defense
- ∆ commits property tort 2. In response to an emergency 3. To protect a personal interest *Liable for compensatory damages only
Principle of Negligence
When a person engages in conduct that creates a risk of harm, they owe a duty to all foreseeable plaintiffs to perform that risk-creating conduct with the reasonable care of an ordinarily prudent person under the circumstances.
Negligence Elements
- Duty 2. Breach 3. Actual cause 4. Proximate cause 5. Damages
Special Duties:
Children and Professionals
Children
- < 5: incapable of negligence
- 5 – 18: based on age, experience, and intelligence
- > 18: reasonably prudent person
*Exception for child engaged in an adult activity, where child is held to adult standard for that activity
Professionals
- Average member of the same profession,
- Performing the same service OR
- Industry custom for a regulated industry
*National standard