Toruism Flashcards
(20 cards)
What is tourism and what 5 lifestyle changes in MEDCs has made the industry expand?
Visiting places where you are not a local, for pleasure.
- Increase in paid annual holiday leave.
- Wages increased faster than inflation so holidays more affordable.
- Travel programmes
- Ageing society: Higher life expectancy + Early retirement = More older people can travel.
- Air fares reduced, cheap airlines & independent travel agents.
Name the 3 types of tourist destinations and their characteristics.
- Cities: Shops, restaurants, theatres, museums, architecture, bustle.
- Mountains: Views, trekking, climbing, skiing.
- Coasts: Sunbathing, watersports, nightlife.
What are the stages of the Butler Model, in order?
Discovery/Exploration, Involvement, Development, Consolidation, Stagnation, Decline OR Rejuvenation.
What happens at the discovery/exploration stage of the Butler Model?
Area seen as potential tourist attraction by very few, little to no tourist services.
What happens at the involvement stage of the Butler Model?
People begin knowing about the place and coming, opportunities noticed, small services begin being created.
What happens at the development stage of the Butler Model?
No. of tourists rises, more facilities even from large businesses, hotels built, jobs created.
What happens at the consolidation stage of the Butler Model?
Things are getting older, secure, tourists is large part of economy, almost at peak.
What happens at the stagnation stage of the Butler Model?
Reaches peak and decline begins, no longer fashionable.
What happens at the decline or rejuvenation stage of the Butler Model?
Decline - Loses tourists, out of business, main visitors are day trippers.
Rejuvenation - New ways to improve and get back on track, try to modernise area again.
Outline the Lake District National Park case study.
Human attractions: History (old towns/museums), sports, accessible, cheap.
Physical attractions: Views (country, lakes, mountains), walks, wildlife, peace & quiet.
Problems: Limited supply of property>high house prices, ppl buy 2nd houses so are unoccupied most of yr>crime, school/shops close, traffic/parking (90% come in car), litter, path erosions, air pollution, trampling plants.
Management:
- Honeypot sites: Area attracting many ppl, more developed & busy but stops too many going elsewhere.
- Stone pitching & adding/repairing more public footpaths.
- Car parks outside park so ppl walk more
- Cross lake shuttle: Used instead of driving –> Less pollution.
What is mass tourism, it’s most likely stage on the Butler Model and 2 reasons that set it off?
When large no. of tourists visit a destination.
Could be on consolidation stage.
Package holidays and decrease in air travel cost.
What are package holidays?
Paying for flights, accommodation & food in advance all together.
Outline the Jamaica mass tourism case study.
Masterplan - Sustainable tourism.
3 Main Goals - Limit development to existing resorts, Spread small scale tourism out, Involve locals.
Human attractions: Culture, music, food, hotel/spas, sports.
Physical attractions: Mountains, greenery, beaches, wildlife.
+ effects: Jobs for locals, exposure to culture, major part of economy.
- effects: Economic leakage, inequalities.
Maintenance strategies:
-Community tourism: Locals run guesthouses in less developed towns.
-Responsible tourism: Aim to do as little harm as possible…
…Local guides avoid bad areas.
…Signpost local businesses encouraging to buy from local trades.
…Employ locals & use their locally grown food.
…Tourist & locals interaction e.g ‘Meet the People’ program.
…Educate the tourists & locals about sustainability & helping.
What is economic leakage?
Foreign companies send money out of their current location to their country. Takes away business for the locals and potential money for the economy.
What is ecotourism and stewardship?
Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment and aims to improve sustainability & well-being of locals.
Stewardship is the personal responsibility of looking after the environment and Earths resources.
Outline the Galapagos Islands case study.
19 islands in South America, 97% Nat. Park, 100k annual visits, 30k residents.
- Strict rules: Arrive in small ships to specific areas.
- 8 day cruise is £800, £25 per visitor goes to conservation.
- 10-16 tourists per tour boat owned by local.
- Buildings from natural materials not very built up>maintenance jobs.
Env. Aspects: Locals make living off ecotourism work to help, development w/o damage is tricky.
Economic Aspects: Local businesses provide tourists’ needs, small family run guesthouses, boat trips generate money.
Social Aspects: Happy locals, tourists give tips to locals.
Sustainability - May become too popular/could overlook eco-friendly aims/resource depletion but at the moment it’s protected and successful.
What is extreme/adventure tourism and the target market?
Travel to dangerous places (e.g jungle, mountains, desert, cave, canyon) to participate in physical activity, people want adrenalin rush.
Attract unmarried 30 yr olds w/ good jobs (DINKS (Dual Income No Kids)) in small groups.
Outline the Antarctica case study.
Attractions: Hiking, climbing, scenery, animals, remote/untouched, photography, weather.
Problems:
- Penguin/bird disturbance from constant boat visits.
- Litter damages wildlife, traps animals/they eat it, unattractive.
- Tour boat size increasing>Oil spill threat.
- Trampling plants.
- Pollution threat.
Management:
- Must be 5m away from penguins so they’re comfortable & don’t leave nest.
- Arrive in ships of 500, 100 on land at a time –> Less crowded, more controllable.
- Pay a levy that goes to conservation.
Outline the Blackpool coastal resort case study.
Coast of North West England, popular bc of more paid holiday leave, arcades/casinos, opening of pier & tower, illuminations.
Butler Model:
- Exp. - 19th century, rich ppl used beach.
- Inv. - Cheap train system, pier, shops set up, factory workers visit.
- Dev. - Tower, Please Beach fairground, popularity.
- Con. - Leading coastal resort, holidays w/ pay, peaked 1900-50.
- Stg. - Package holidays abroad after WW2, recession, bad weather.
- Dec. - Rundown, empty beaches, stag/hen parties, income & job loss, tourism business failed, unattractive facilities, poor reputation.
Rej. Attempts - 300mill rejuvenation project, modernise towns, improve illuminations/rides, clean beaches, super casino, Butlins.
Describe tourism in the LEDCs Dubai and Kenya.
Dubai: Easy access, growing fast, more hotels, 10mill visits 2012, huge malls, sightseeing, The Palm, (sky)diving, desert, 400 bird species. Economy relies on exports.
Kenya: 1mill visits 2000, $200 a day to stay in Nairobi, biggest industry as well as agriculture, revenue decreased after political crisis, safaris, 20 Nat. Parks, essential income to buy goods abroad.
