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Industrial Organizational Psychology > TOS Based > Flashcards

TOS Based Flashcards

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1
Q

What do task-oriented leaders focus on?

A

Define and structure their own roles and those of their subordinates to attain the group’s formal goals

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2
Q

How do task-oriented leaders view their employees?

A

As lazy, extrinsically motivated, wanting security, undisciplined

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3
Q

What is the view of an organization according to task-oriented leaders?

A

A machine with centralized authority, labor specialization, and incentives to optimize productivity

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4
Q

What is the consequence of a rigid and static view of an organization?

A

Work alienation and dissatisfaction

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5
Q

What does industrial psychology aim to optimize?

A

Productivity in an organization and drive profits

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6
Q

What are the characteristics of modern organizational theory?

A

Organizations are systems that must adapt to environmental changes

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7
Q

What does contingency theory state?

A

No particular managerial action or organizational design is appropriate for all situations

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8
Q

What is the focus of motivation theory?

A

What drives an employee towards a particular goal or outcome

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9
Q

What is the definition of complexity in organizational structure?

A

Degree to which activities within an organization are differentiated

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10
Q

Define formalization in the context of organizational structure.

A

Extent to which jobs within an organization are specialized

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11
Q

What is centralization in organizational structure?

A

Where decision-making is concentrated

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12
Q

List the pros of neo-classical organization theory.

A
  • Humans are the focus of the theory
  • Social relationships enhance efficiency
  • Introduces informal organization structure
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13
Q

What is a major con of hierarchical organizational structure?

A

Slow decision-making

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14
Q

What is a benefit of a multidimensional/divisional structure?

A

Easily expand products or services by adding new divisions

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15
Q

What is a drawback of the matrix organizational structure?

A

Increases conflict among managers who share equal power

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16
Q

What does a team-based organization emphasize?

A

Collaboration among workers to complete tasks

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17
Q

What is the scalar principle in organizational hierarchy?

A

Decision-making authority should flow in a straight line from the highest level to the lowest

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18
Q

What does job specialization lead to?

A

Higher product quality and increased organizational efficiency

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19
Q

What is the purpose of departmentation in an organization?

A

Horizontal clustering of different types of functions and activities

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20
Q

Fill in the blank: The _________ principle states that responsibility must be accompanied by proper authority.

A

Responsibility and Authority

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21
Q

What are the three dimensions of organizational structure?

A
  • Horizontal
  • Vertical
  • Spatial
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22
Q

What does functional departmentalization facilitate?

A

Easier communication with sub-units

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23
Q

What is a key characteristic of decentralized organizations?

A

Employees can make their own decisions

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24
Q

True or False: Centralized organizations allow lower-level employees to make decisions.

A

False

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25
What is the main focus of the open systems theory?
Organizations are strongly influenced by their environment
26
What does the term 'organizational structure' refer to?
The arrangement and interrelationship of component parts and positions in an organization
27
What is the definition of coordination in an organization?
Integrating the objectives and activities of specialized departments to realize broad strategic objectives
28
What are the component tasks involved in HR processes?
Recruitment, appraisal, reward, assignment of goals and tasks ## Footnote These tasks help align employee roles with organizational objectives.
29
What are the benefits of greater group and professional identification?
Less duplication of staff activities, higher product quality, increased organizational efficiency ## Footnote Professional identification enhances collaboration among employees.
30
What is Product-Based Departmentalization?
Grouping employees around product lines to reduce conflict and improve communication ## Footnote This structure simplifies coordination mechanisms.
31
Define Job Specialization.
Subdividing work into separate jobs assigned to different people to improve efficiency ## Footnote It allows employees to focus on specific tasks.
32
What is Job Enrichment?
An employee assumes more responsibility over their tasks ## Footnote This approach increases customer orientation and long-term concern.
33
What does Decentralization refer to?
Distributing decision-making closer to the operational level within an organization.
34
What is Line Authority?
The scalar chain of superior-subordinate linkages in an organization ## Footnote Line authority is essential for achieving organizational objectives.
35
List the types of Staff in an organization.
* Specialized Staff * General Staff * Organization Staff ## Footnote Each type has distinct roles and responsibilities.
36
What is Job Rotation?
Workers are rotated among various jobs to enhance knowledge and flexibility ## Footnote This method helps eliminate boredom and increase job satisfaction.
37
Define Job Enlargement.
Adding tasks to an existing job to improve efficiency and flexibility.
38
What is Job Crafting?
Informal changes made by employees to their jobs to obtain additional responsibilities ## Footnote This can enhance job satisfaction and performance.
39
What is Delegation of Authority?
Assigning specific tasks to employees while holding them responsible for completion.
40
What are the components of Hackman and Oldham's Job Characteristics Theory?
* Task Identity * Task Significance * Autonomy * Feedback ## Footnote These characteristics contribute to meaningful work experiences.
41
True or False: A narrow span of control is necessary when employees perform complex tasks.
True.
42
What is Departmentalization?
Grouping employees and their activities together based on functions.
43
Differentiate between a tall and flat organizational structure.
* Tall: Smaller span of control, longer chain of command * Flat: Larger span of control, fewer management levels ## Footnote Flat structures empower employees and facilitate quicker communication.
44
What is the purpose of Human Resource Development (HRD)?
To improve employee competency and overall organizational performance.
45
What are the two main focuses of Human Resource Management (HRM)?
* Acquiring employees * Training and appraising employees ## Footnote HRM is focused on present needs, while HRD is future-oriented.
46
List some training methods used in employee development.
* Classroom Method * E-Learning * Case Study * Simulation * Role Playing * Training Games * On-The-Job Training * Apprenticeship ## Footnote Each method serves different learning objectives.
47
What is the significance of the Transfer of Training?
The extent to which skills learned in training are applied in the workplace.
48
What are Organizational Results in the context of training?
Outcomes like enhanced productivity, lower costs, and higher quality of products or services.
49
What is Coaching in the context of employee development?
Support provided by experienced employees or professional coaches to enhance skills.
50
What factors influence Training and Development (T&D)?
* Top Management Support * Shortage of Skilled Workers * Technological Advances * Global Complexity * Learning Styles ## Footnote These factors can significantly impact the effectiveness of T&D initiatives.
51
What are the two forms of coaching?
Experienced employees and professional coaches ## Footnote Coaching can enhance employee performance through guidance and support.
52
What is mentoring in the workplace?
A veteran helps a new employee adjust to the job and organization ## Footnote Mentorship fosters professional growth and integration into corporate culture.
53
What are factors influencing Training and Development (T&D)?
* Top Management Support * Shortage of Skilled Workers * Technological Advances * Global Complexity * Learning Styles ## Footnote These factors can significantly impact the effectiveness of T&D programs.
54
What is a Corporate University?
A training institution provided under the umbrella of the organization ## Footnote Corporate universities focus on employee development aligned with company goals.
55
What is the purpose of Orientation (On-Boarding)?
To inform new employees about the company, job, and work group ## Footnote It aids in familiarizing them with corporate culture for quicker productivity.
56
What is the primary delivery system for training professional, technical, and management employees?
Colleges and Universities ## Footnote These institutions provide foundational and specialized training for various careers.
57
What does Online Higher Education provide?
Formal educational opportunities delivered partially or entirely online ## Footnote It allows flexibility and reduces commuting time for employees.
58
Define 'Career'.
The general course a person chooses to pursue throughout their working life ## Footnote This includes various roles and experiences across a professional journey.
59
What is a Career Path?
A flexible line of movement through which a person may travel during their work life ## Footnote It can include vertical and lateral movements within an organization.
60
What is the Vestibule System?
Training that takes place away from the production area on similar equipment ## Footnote This system allows for practical skills development in a controlled environment.
61
What is the Traditional Career Path?
An upward progression within the organization ## Footnote It typically involves promotions to higher positions over time.
62
What is a Network Career Path?
Includes both vertical job sequences and horizontal opportunities ## Footnote It recognizes the importance of diverse experiences at different career levels.
63
What does a Lateral Skill Path allow for?
Lateral moves within the firm for revitalization and new challenges ## Footnote This path encourages employee engagement and skill diversity.
64
What are Simulators?
Devices or programs that replicate actual job demands ## Footnote They are used for training purposes to prepare employees for real job scenarios.
65
What must management do for T&D programs to be effective?
Convince participants of the program's value ## Footnote Employee buy-in is critical for the success of training initiatives.
66
What are the two key components of evaluating T&D programs?
* Reactions * Learning ## Footnote Reactions assess participant satisfaction, while learning measures retention of knowledge.
67
What is a Dual-Career Path?
Allows technical specialists to contribute without becoming managers ## Footnote It recognizes the value of expertise in non-managerial roles.
68
Define Demotion.
Moving a worker to a lower level of duties and responsibilities ## Footnote It often involves a reduction in pay.
69
Who are Free Agents?
People who take charge of their careers by being their own bosses or working flexibly ## Footnote This trend reflects the growing gig economy and individualization of work.
70
What does Management Development consist of?
Learning experiences provided to upgrade skills and knowledge for managers ## Footnote It aims to improve managerial performance through various educational approaches.
71
What is Succession Planning?
Developing workforce plans for top positions in a company ## Footnote It ensures continuity and preparedness for leadership transitions.
72
What is the focus of Coaching?
Performance improvement, primarily the responsibility of the immediate boss ## Footnote Coaching involves guiding employees to enhance their work output.
73
What is Career Management?
Process enabling employees to understand and develop their career skills and interests ## Footnote It helps align employee capabilities with organizational needs.
74
What is Reverse Mentoring?
Process where older employees learn from younger ones ## Footnote This approach facilitates knowledge exchange across generations.
75
What is Career Development?
Formal approach to ensure qualified individuals are available when needed ## Footnote It encompasses a lifelong series of activities for career fulfillment.
76
What are the two types of Career Development programs?
* Formal * Informal ## Footnote Formal includes structured training, while informal involves mentorship and networking.
77
What does Performance Appraisal evaluate?
An employee’s current and past performance relative to standards ## Footnote It informs decisions about promotions, pay, and retention.
78
What is the role of Workshops in career planning?
Employees define and match their career objectives with company needs ## Footnote Workshops facilitate alignment between personal goals and organizational goals.
79
What is Career Planning?
Ongoing process of setting career goals and identifying means to achieve them ## Footnote It involves self-assessment and formal assessment.

Industrial Organizational Psychology (1 decks)

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