Total

Question 1

What is a primary function of Vitamin C?
A. Blood clotting
B. Collagen synthesis
C. Vision
D. Bone mineralization

Answer 1

Collagen synthesis

Question 2

Which food is a rich source of Vitamin C?
A. Cheese
B. Chicken
C. Bell peppers
D. Beef

Answer 2

Bell peppers

Question 3

What deficiency disease is associated with Vitamin C?
A. Pellagra
B. Beriberi
C. Scurvy
D. Rickets

Answer 3

Scurvy

Question 4

Which vitamin is essential for collagen synthesis and iron absorption?
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B6
C. Vitamin D
D. Vitamin K

Answer 4

Vitamin C

Question 5

What is a good dietary source of Vitamin C?
A. Pork
B. Broccoli
C. Nuts
D. Egg yolk

Answer 5

Broccoli

Question 6

Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) deficiency can cause:
A. Scurvy
B. Beriberi
C. Rickets
D. Anemia

Answer 6

Beriberi

Question 7

What is a key function of Vitamin B1?
A. Antioxidant activity
B. DNA repair
C. Energy metabolism
D. Bone mineralization

Answer 7

Energy metabolism

Question 8

Which food is high in Thiamine?
A. Legumes
B. Fish
C. Bananas
D. Cheese

Answer 8

Legumes

Question 9

A symptom of Riboflavin deficiency is:
A. Cheilosis
B. Night blindness
C. Osteoporosis
D. Neuralgia

Answer 9

Cheilosis

Question 10

Vitamin B2 helps with:
A. Collagen synthesis
B. Antioxidant regeneration
C. Blood clotting
D. Calcium absorption

Answer 10

Antioxidant regeneration

Question 11

Good sources of Vitamin B2 include:
A. Carrots
B. Leafy greens
C. Fish
D. Chicken

Answer 11

Leafy greens

Question 12

Pellagra is caused by a deficiency in:
A. Vitamin C
B. Vitamin B2
C. Niacin
D. Vitamin B12

Answer 12

Niacin

Question 13

Which vitamin plays a role in DNA repair?
A. Vitamin K
B. Niacin
C. Thiamine
D. Biotin

Answer 13

Niacin

Question 14

A food source rich in Niacin is:
A. Legumes
B. Fortified cereals
C. Leafy greens
D. Yogurt

Answer 14

Fortified cereals

Question 14

Vitamin B5 is essential for producing:
A. Red blood cells
B. Coenzyme A
C. Collagen
D. Insulin

Answer 14

Coenzyme A

Question 15

Which vitamin deficiency may cause burning feet syndrome?
A. B1
B. B2
C. B5
D. B6

Answer 15

B5

Question 16

Vitamin B6 supports which of the following?
A. Bone formation
B. Neurotransmitter synthesis
C. DNA methylation
D. Lipid digestion

Answer 16

NT synthesis

Question 17

Sources of Vitamin B6 include:
A. Beef
B. Poultry
C. Spinach
D. Milk

Answer 17

Poultry

Question 18

Biotin is a coenzyme for:
A. Phosphatases
B. Carboxylases
C. Proteases
D. Lipases

Answer 18

Carboxylases

Question 19

Symptoms of biotin deficiency include:
A. Alopecia
B. Scurvy
C. Dementia
D. Paralysis

Answer 19

Alopecia

Question 20

Folate is critical for:
A. Energy production
B. Vision
C. DNA synthesis
D. Antioxidant regeneration

Answer 20

DNA synthesis

Question 21

A deficiency in folate may result in:
A. Neural tube defects
B. Beriberi
C. Pellagra
D. Scurvy

Answer 21

neural. tube defects

Question 22

What food contains folate?
A. Liver
B. Leafy greens
C. Egg whites
D. Chicken

Answer 22

leafy greens

Question 23

Vitamin B12 is necessary for:
A. Bone formation
B. Collagen synthesis
C. DNA synthesis
D. Blood clotting

Answer 23

DNA synthesis

Question 24

B12 deficiency can lead to: A. Night blindness B. Megaloblastic anemia C. Rickets D. Pellagra

Answer 24

megaloblastic anemia

Question 25

Sources of B12 include: A. Legumes B. Animal products C. Bananas D. Nuts

Answer 25

bananas

Question 26

Vitamin C is classified as a: A. Macromineral B. Fat-soluble vitamin C. Water-soluble vitamin D. Trace element

Answer 26

water soluble vitamin

Question 27

Which B vitamin helps prevent microcytic anemia? A. B1 B. B2 C. B6 D. B12

Answer 27

B6

Question 28

Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is linked to deficiency of: A. Folate B. Niacin C. Thiamine D. Vitamin E

Answer 28

Thiamine

Question 29

Egg yolk is a good source of which vitamin? A. Biotin B. Vitamin K C. Thiamine D. Niacin

Answer 29

Biotin

Question 30

Which vitamin is most involved in methylation reactions? A. Vitamin B6 B. Vitamin B9 C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin C

Answer 30

B12

Question 31

Peripheral neuropathy is a symptom of deficiency in: A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B6 C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin K

Answer 31

B6

Question 32

Which form of Vitamin A supports night vision? A. Retinoic acid B. Retinol C. Rhodopsin D. Retinal

Answer 32

Retinal

Question 33

Vitamin A toxicity can cause: A. Hair loss B. Teratogenic effects C. Scurvy D. Night blindness

Answer 33

Teratogenic effects

Question 34

What is a source of provitamin A? A. Carrots B. Fish oils C. Eggs D. Liver

Answer 34

Carrots

Question 35

Vitamin A helps with: A. Collagen synthesis B. DNA methylation C. Cell differentiation D. Enzyme regulation

Answer 35

Cell differentiation

Question 36

A deficiency in Vitamin A can cause: A. Osteomalacia B. Cheilosis C. Xerophthalmia D. Anemia

Answer 36

Xerophthalmia

Question 37

Vitamin D deficiency in adults may lead to: A. Rickets B. Osteomalacia C. Scurvy D. Pellagra

Answer 37

Osteomalacia

Question 38

Which form of Vitamin D is produced from sunlight? A. D2 (ergocalciferol) B. D3 (Cholecalciferol) C. Retinol D. Calcitonin

Answer 38

D3 (Cholecalciferol)

Question 39

Sources of Vitamin D2 include: A. Sunlight B. Fatty fish C. Mushrooms D. Leafy greens

Answer 39

mushrooms

Question 40

Hypercalcemia may be caused by excess intake of: A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K

Answer 40

VD

Question 41

Vitamin E acts primarily as a: A. Procoagulant B. Coenzyme C. Lipid-soluble antioxidant D. Calcium regulator

Answer 41

lipid-solube antioxidant

Question 42

A deficiency in Vitamin E can cause: A. Rickets B. Neuropathy C. Beriberi D. Glossitis

Answer 42

neuropathy

Question 43

High doses of Vitamin E may increase risk of: A. Bleeding B. Hair loss C. Tetany D. Scurvy

Answer 43

bleeding

Question 44

What is a source of Vitamin E? A. Almonds B. Yogurt C. Chicken D. Egg whites

Answer 44

almonds

Question 45

Vitamin K is essential for: A. Blood clotting B. Collagen synthesis C. Neurotransmitter synthesis D. DNA replication

Answer 45

blood clotting

Question 46

Which vitamin activates osteocalcin? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin E D. Vitamin K

Answer 46

VK

Question 47

A deficiency of Vitamin K may result in: A. Bleeding B. Night blindness C. Anemia D. Dementia

Answer 47

bleeding

Question 48

Sources of Vitamin K include: A. Meat B. Spinach C. Dairy D. Bananas

Answer 48

spinach

Question 49

Which fat-soluble vitamin supports T-cell production? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin E C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin K

Answer 49

VA

Question 50

Vitamin D assists in the absorption of: A. Iron B. Zinc C. Magnesium D. Calcium

Answer 50

iron

Question 51

Vitamin E provides neuroprotection by: A. Enhancing neurotransmitters B. Neutralizing ROS C. Producing collagen D. Activating clotting factors

Answer 51

neutralizing ROS

Question 52

Chronic toxicity of Vitamin A affects: A. Liver B. Skin C. Eyes D. Lungs

Answer 52

liver

Question 53

Which vitamin is stored in the liver? A. Vitamin C B. Vitamin D C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin B12

Answer 53

VA

Question 54

Vitamin K's role in bone health involves: A. Antioxidant activity B. Calcium utilization C. Protein synthesis D. DNA repair

Answer 54

calcium utilization

Question 55

What condition is treated by Vitamin D supplementation? A. Pellagra B. Osteomalacia C. Beriberi D. Anemia

Answer 55

Osteomalacia

Question 56

Night blindness is an early sign of deficiency in: A. Vitamin D B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin A D. Vitamin B6

Answer 56

VA

Question 57

Fatty fish is a natural source of: A. Vitamin K B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin B1

Answer 57

VD

Question 58

Which vitamin prevents lipid peroxidation? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin E C. Vitamin D D. Vitamin C

Answer 58

VE

Question 59

Which vitamin is found in fermented foods like natto? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin B2 C. Vitamin K D. Vitamin D

Answer 59

VK

Question 60

Which vitamin aids in gene expression? A. Vitamin A B. Vitamin C C. Vitamin B12 D. Vitamin D

Answer 60

VA

Question 61

What is a key function of calcium? A. DNA synthesis B. Nerve signaling C. Antioxidant defense D. Neurotransmitter recycling

Answer 61

Nerve signaling

Question 62

Which food is high in calcium? A. Bananas B. Pork C. Dairy D. Nuts

Answer 62

Dairy

Question 63

Deficiency of calcium may lead to: A. Pellagra B. Osteoporosis C. Scurvy D. Beriberi

Answer 63

Osteoporosis

Question 64

Calcium also plays a role in: A. Iron transport B. Antioxidant regeneration C. Blood clotting D. Neurotransmitter metabolism

Answer 64

blood clotting

Question 65

Which mineral is essential for enzyme function and muscle control? A. Calcium B. Magnesium C. Iron D. Phosphorus

Answer 65

Mg

Question 66

A deficiency in magnesium can cause: A. Muscle cramps B. Scurvy C. Night blindness D. Osteoporosis

Answer 66

muscle cramps

Question 67

Magnesium is abundant in: A. Dairy B. Nuts C. Fish D. Eggs

Answer 67

Nuts

Question 68

One of the roles of magnesium is: A. Collagen formation B. Nerve and muscle function C. Coagulation D. Lipid peroxidation

Answer 68

nerve and muscle function

Question 69

Magnesium acts as a: A. Cofactor for enzymes B. Blood buffer C. Structural protein D. Transport molecule

Answer 69

cofactor for enzymes

Question 70

High intake of magnesium may cause: A. Bone overgrowth B. Hemolysis C. Diarrhea D. Kidney stones

Answer 70

Diarrhea

Question 71

Which molecule is classified as a reactive oxygen species (ROS)? A. NAD+ B. Superoxide (O₂⁻) C. FMN D. Retinol

Answer 71

Superoxide 02-

Question 72

One function of glutathione is to: A. Produce collagen B. Absorb calcium C. Neutralize ROS D. Activate clotting factors

Answer 72

neutralize ROS

Question 73

Which vitamin regenerates Vitamin E? A. Vitamin K B. Vitamin A C. Vitamin C D. Vitamin B6

Answer 73

VC

Question 74

ROS are primarily generated by which organelle? A. Nucleus B. Mitochondria C. Endoplasmic reticulum D. Golgi apparatus

Answer 74

Mitochondria

Question 75

ROS damage which part of the cell membrane? A. Cholesterol B. Phospholipids C. Polyunsaturated fatty acids D. Glycoproteins

Answer 75

PUFAs

Question 76

Which antioxidant works with selenium? A. Glutathione B. Vitamin A C. Coenzyme Q10 D. Niacin

Answer 76

glutathione

Question 77

Selenium functions as a: A. Hormone B. Cofactor for glutathione peroxidase C. Coenzyme D. Neurotransmitter

Answer 77

cofactor for gluathione peroxidase

Question 78

Coenzyme Q10 protects: A. DNA B. Mitochondrial lipids C. Proteins in the cytosol D. Skin pigments

Answer 78

mitochondrial lipids

Question 79

Excess free radical production is linked to: A. Vitamin storage B. Fat digestion C. Aging D. Cell proliferation

Answer 79

aging

Question 80

ROS damage DNA primarily by: A. Cross-linking bases B. Inducing mutations C. Causing strand breaks D. Methylation

Answer 80

causing strand breaks

Question 81

What is a source of endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS)? A. UV radiation B. Smoking C. Mitochondrial electron transport chain D. Heavy metals

Answer 81

mitochondrial ETC

Question 82

Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) include: A. Hydroxyl radicals B. FMN C. Nitric oxide (NO*) D. Coenzyme A

Answer 82

Nitric oxide (NO)

Question 83

Which of the following is NOT a source of exogenous ROS? A. UV light B. Mitochondrial leakage ✔ C. Pollution D. Heavy metals

Answer 83

mitochondrial leakage

Question 84

Which disease is associated with oxidative damage to neurons? A. Pellagra B. Parkinson’s disease C. Beriberi D. Xerophthalmia

Answer 84

Parkinson's disease

Question 85

Oxidative stress is linked to the formation of: A. Insulin B. DNA mutations C. Bone matrix D. Hemoglobin

Answer 85

DNA mutations

Question 86

Which antioxidant prevents lipid peroxidation? A. Vitamin E B. Vitamin K C. Thiamine D. Folate

Answer 86

VE

Question 87

Antioxidants help reduce risk of: A. Fractures B. Atherosclerosis C. Muscle cramps D. Allergies

Answer 87

atherosclerosis

Question 88

Which antioxidant is lipid-soluble? A. Vitamin C B. Biotin C. Vitamin E D. Thiamine

Answer 88

VE

Question 89

What cellular structure is most at risk from ROS damage? A. Ribosomes B. Endoplasmic reticulum C. Cell membrane D. Cytoskeleton

Answer 89

cell membrane

Question 90

What does glutathione peroxidase require to function properly? A. Magnesium B. Niacin C. Selenium D. Iron

Answer 90

Selenium

Question 91

What role does coenzyme Q10 play in cells? A. Enhances folate function B. Facilitates neurotransmitter production C. Protects mitochondrial proteins D. Increases heme synthesis

Answer 91

protects mitochondrial proteins

Question 92

How do ROS damage proteins? A. Phosphorylation B. Misfolding and aggregation C. Cross-linking D. Hydrolysis

Answer 92

misfolding and aggregation

Question 93

An imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants leads to: A. Homeostasis B. Oxidative stress C. Inflammation D. Ketosis

Answer 93

oxidative stress

Question 94

What is a health benefit of antioxidant consumption? A. Increases cholesterol B. Reduces LDL oxidation C. Increases blood sugar D. Enhances sodium retention

Answer 94

reduces LDL oxidation

Question 95

What does vitamin C regenerate? A. NADH B. Retinol C. Vitamin E D. Folic acid

Answer 95

VE

Question 96

Free radicals are unstable because they: A. Have extra protons B. Lack enzymes C. Have unpaired electrons D. Have low pH

Answer 96

having unpaired electrons

Question 97

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals by: A. Blocking their receptors B. Chelating minerals C. Donating electrons D. Absorbing light

Answer 97

donating electrons

Question 98

Which antioxidant is especially important in neuroprotection? A. Vitamin D B. Coenzyme Q10 C. Vitamin K D. Thiamine

Answer 98

coenzyme Q10

Question 99

Peroxynitrite (ONOO⁻) is a: A. Lipid B. Protein C. Reactive nitrogen species D. Vitamin

Answer 99

reactive nitrogen species

Question 100

Which of the following does not generate ROS? A. NADPH oxidase B. Cytochrome P450 C. Xanthine oxidase D. Glutathione peroxidase

Answer 100

glutathione peroxidase