Toughies Flashcards
(32 cards)
What is the type of problem that is occurring when the counter value(s) say many input errors, few collisions?
Excessive noise caused by wrong cable category or EMI
What is the type of problem that is occurring when the counter value(s) that have increasing late collisions?
Caused by collision domain, duplex mismatch or single cable too long
What is the type of problem and root cause that is occurring when the counter value(s) say more than roughly 0.1% of all frames are collisions?
Collisions caused by duplex mismatch or DOS attack
This Transport layer function enables receiving hosts to choose the correct application for which the data is destined, based on the destination port number
Multiplexing using ports
This Transport layer function has the process of numbering and acknowledging data with Sequence and Acknowledgement header fields
Error Recovery (Reliability)
This Transport layer function has a process that involve a sliding size that the two end devices dynamically agree upon at various points during the virtual connection
Flow control using Windowing
This Transport layer function has a process that is used to initialize port numbers and Sequence and Acknowledgment fields
Connection establishment and termination
This Transport layer function has a continuous stream of bytes from an upper-layer process that is ‘segmented’ for transmission and delivered to upper-layer processes at the receiving device, with the bytes in the same order
Ordered data transfer and data segmentation
Access layer switches provide what types of features?
Port Security
VLANs
FastEthernet/GigabitEthernet
PoE
Link Aggregation
QoS
Distribution layer switches provide what types of features?
Layer 3 support
High forwarding rate
Gig Ethernet / 10 Gig Ethernet
Redundant Components
Security policies / ACLs
Link Aggregation
QoS
Core layer switches provide what types of features?
Layer 3 support
Very high forwarding rate
Gigabit Ethernet / 10 Gigabit Ethernet
Redundant components
Link Aggregation
QoS
What does an OSPF Packet look like?
Version of OSPF
Packet Type
Packet Length
Router ID
Area ID
Checksum
Auth Type
Authentication
Data
Each OSPF router maintains a link-state database containing the what received from all other routers
LSAs (Link-state advertisements)
What are the general steps for Neighbor State Summary?
Down - No active neighbor detected
Initilialization - Hello packets sent and received by neighbors
2 WAY - Bi-Directional communication. Can see it’s own router ID received in Hello packets
Exstart - Primary and secondary roles determined
Exchange - DBD packets sent
Loading - Exchange of LSRs and LSU (With LSAs within the LSU)
Full - Neighbors full adjacent
What settings must be matched for a pair of OSPF routers to form an adjacency?
They must be in each other’s neighbor list
Hello & Dead Intervals
Area ID
IP Subnet
Authentication Flag
Stub Area Flag
MTU and MTU IP Size
Routers which have all of their OSPF interfaces in an area and are not in a backbone are considered what?
Normal Area Routers
How do Normal Area Routers learn their routes
From the ABRs
What are the destination multicast addresses for OSPF?
224.0.0.5
224.0.0.6
This type of router redistributes routes from different routing protocols into OSPF Normal Area Routers
Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR)
What are the 6 Steps / Characteristics of OSPF?
Discover Neighbors
Form Adjacencies
Flood the Link State Database
Compute the Shortest Path
Install the Best Routes Into The Routing Table
Respond to Network Changes
What is the FF02::5 OSPFv3 multicast address used for?
All routers multicast
What is the FF02::6 OSPFv3 multicast address used for?
DR/BDR multicast updates
Full adjacency occurs when two routers have exchanged any necessary __________ and have identical __________ __________?
LSUs
Link-state databases
OPSF uses Dijkstra’s algorithm to create a what?
SPF Tree
