Tourism.

Question 0

Why might an area become more popular as a tourist destination?

Answer 0

Improvements in transport. Things like more airports have meant that it is easier to get to a place.
Unusual tourist destinations such as the middle east or Egypt have marketed them selves better so people know about them.
Many countries have invested in better infrastructure ( hotels and airports) meaning that they have become more attractive to tourists.

Question 1

Why has there been a global increase in tourism?

Answer 1

People have more disposable income, which they are spending on Tourism.
In the EU a holiday has become a right, four weeks a year, before in the 1960s half of the UK got one week a year. people have more time to go on holiday.
Travail has become cheaper( particularly air travel) meaning more people can afford to move and to further places. Air travel has also meant that less time is spent traveling.
Holiday providers are now on line, meaning that it is easier to book a holiday. They are sold directly which means that they are cheaper.
Package holidays mean they are cheaper.
All this means global tourism is at 900 million people a year.

Question 2

How can tourism be important to an economy?

Answer 2

It creates jobs.
It increases the income of businesses that supply the tourist industry. Farmers can sell to restaurants.
Tourism helps rich and poor nations. In 2006 in France, tourism created 35 billion euros and 2 million jobs.
Poorer nations are more dependant on tourism. Tourism is 3% of the UKs GDP but 15% of Kenya’s.

Question 3

What does Tourism do for the UK’s economy?

Answer 3

In 2008 32 million people came to the UK.
It has historic land marks, churches and castles.
Half of visitors to the UK go to London.
In 2007 tourism contributed £114 billion to the economy and employed 1.4 million people.

Question 4

What factors can affect tourism in the UK?

Answer 4

Bad weather. In 2007 a very wet summer meant a drop in overseas visitors.
World economy. If there is a recession people can’t afford big holidays so they were less foreigners and more people from the UK.
Exchange rate. If there is a good exchange rate between the pound and other currencies it will be cheaper for over seas people.
Terrorism and conflict. People become fearful of areas. Tourism fell sharply after the bombings on 7th July 2005.
Major events. When Liverpool became European capital of culture in 2008 3.5million new people went there.

Question 5

What are the 6 stages of the butler tourism model?

Answer 5

Exploration, involvement, development, consolidation, stagnation and rejuvenation and decline.
( Extrovert insects dig cavernous stores for red current desert).

Question 6

Explain exploration.

Answer 6

Small numbers of visitors visit an area. There may be nice scenery and culture but no tourist facilities.

Question 7

Explain involvment.

Answer 7

Local people start to provide facilities, like B&Bs for visitors and so more people come.

Question 8

Explain development.

Answer 8

More and more people are coming there as larger companies are investing in the area. There are lots more facilites.

Question 9

Explain consolidation.

Answer 9

Many more people are going. The tourist numbers are starting to level off.

Question 10

Explain stagnation.

Answer 10

The number of tourists has peaked. Facilities have become run down. The tourists are starting to have a negative impact on the environment meaning the area becomes less atractive.

Question 11

Explain rejuvenation or decline.

Answer 11

Rejuvenation means more investment. The facilities have been improved and more people come.
Decline. No investment and the area has become less attractive. Less people come and facilities shut down and run-down.

Question 12

What are the positive economic impacts of mass tourism?

Answer 12

New infrastructure e.g airports and water supplies.
It brings money into the local economy. More foreign stronger money.
Rise in job opportunities.
Helps economy’s that help tourism, such as farming.
Better survives, like resautants.

Question 13

What are the negative economic effects of tourism?

Answer 13

Many jobs become seasonal.
The country might not get lots of the money. The big travel company’s get most of the money.
If there is a drop in tourism, there are wide spread impacts.

Question 14

What are the positive social impacts of mass tourism?

Answer 14

Lots of jobs means that young people stay in the area.
Improved infrastructure such as roads, transport and communications.
Income from tourism is re-invested in local projects.

Question 15

What are the negative social impacts of mass tourism?

Answer 15

The behaviour of some tourists might offend locals. In Kenya british tourists don’t wear enough.
Traffic congestion caused by the tourists means the locals are inconvenienced.
The jobs can be badly paid and seasonal.

Question 16

What are the positive environmental impacts of mass tourism?

Answer 16

Income from tourism is reinvested to protect the environment. National parks are put up.
Increase the awareness of the environment and the importance of conservation.

Question 17

What are the negative enviromental impacts of mass tourism?

Answer 17

Transporting people means lots of greenhouse gas is emitted.
They cause litter and pollution e.g sewage goes into rivers.
Lose of rural piece and quiet.
Erosion can be caused by footpaths and trucks.

Question 18

How can the negative impacts of mass tourism be reduced?

Answer 18

Provide lots of bins to reduce litter.
Improving public transport. More people will use it meaning less pollution and congestion.
Limit the number of people who can go to a sensitive enviroment like coral reefs.

Question 19

Why do people go to Kenya for holidays?

Answer 19

It is close to the equator meaning a good climate.
The exchange rate is favourable. £1 to 141 kenyan shillings.
Package holidays mean that it is easy to get there.
Wildlife, go on a safari to see the big five.(lion, elephant ,buffalo, leopard , rhino.)
See the culture like the Masai warriors.

Question 20

What are positives tourism brings to Kenya?

Answer 20

Brings in lots of stronger foreign money.
This money is used in infrastructure like roads, airports, schools and hospitals and the standard of living goes up.
500,000 people are employed by tourism.
Exploration of a few areas protects many. There are 23 national parks, which you have to pay to get into. This money is used to maintain the parks.
The culture and tradition of the native Masai tribe is preserved as the tourists like it.

Question 21

Give some vital figures concerning Kenya and tourism.

Answer 21

1960-150,000 visitors. In 2000-1,000,000
In 1960-51.8 million dollars made. In 2000 600 million dollars made.
In 1960 6% of income came from tourists. In 2000 25% came from tourism.

Question 22

What are some of the negatives tourism brings to Kenya?

Answer 22

Many holidays are all inclusive. This means that people don’t go outside the hotels. 15% of the money earned goes to the locals.
Westerners don’t understand the culture and natives can be offended. Muslim people are offended by the way female tourists dress.
Maasai people have been forced off the land to make room for national parks.
Too reliant on tourism. Political instability can affect it. In 2002 a bomb outside a hotel killed 13 people and $1 million was lost a day.
Lots of the money goes to large travel company’s and not the local economy. Foreign MNCs own 80%of the hotels.
Ballon safaris scare animals, habitats are destroyed to make way for tourists, trucks produce pollution, animals become over familiar with humans. They don’t bother hunting as they are given food.
Trucks cause soil erosion
Tourist lodgers use too much water and don’t get rid of waste properly.
Coral reefs have been damaged by tourist boats anchoring.
Cheetahs have changed their hunting behaviour to avoid crowds.

Question 23

How may Kenya solve its problems?

Answer 23

Diversify the economy so its less dependent on tourism. Look into other industry’s like mining.
Diversify the project range into canoeing, rafting, adventure holidays.
Raise prices so that less people go to an area.

Question 24

How is Kenya promoting tourism?

Answer 24

The ministry of Tourism has launched a Russian campaign called “magical Kenya”
Accessibility will be improved as airstrips will be made in two national parks and £8million will spent on bridges and roads.
Visa fees were halved in price for adults to make it cheaper and they were scrapped for under 16s to encourage family’s to visit.

Question 25

Why do people go to extreme environments for tourism?

Answer 25

People like to do different things that no body else has done.
They enjoy an element of risk and danger which harsh conditions can provide.
Some wildlife can only be seen in these areas. Polar bears and ice bergs can only be seen in the arctic.
They’re good locations for adventure holiday actives like white water rafting and trekking.

Question 26

Why is tourism increasing in extreme enviroments?

Answer 26

People are keen to see places while they can. In antarctica he ice is melting because of global warming.
People have more disposable income to go on holidays.
It is easier to get to these places. The Qinghai-Tibet railway links China to Tibet in 2006. It was easier to get to the extreme environment of mountains.
Adventure holidays are becoming more popular because of advertising and TV programs.

Question 27

What has tourism done in the extreme environment of the Himalays?

Answer 27

Deforestation occurs to provide fuel for trekkers.
This means habitats are damaged.
They’re less trees to absorb rain causing flooding.
Tree roots hold the soil together, meaning soil erosion. Soil goes into river beds raising the bed height. Less water can be held so flooding happens more.
Landslides occur because of erosion cause pd by walking
Toilets are poor or don’t exist so rivers get filled with sewage.

Question 28

Why are people coming to antarctica?

Answer 28

It covers 14 million square kilometres and 98% of it is coved with ice.
In 1997 7413 people came but in 2008 46,000 people came
They are attracted by the scenery and wildlife.

Question 29

What are tourists doing in antarctica?

Answer 29

They trample on plants, disturb wildlife and drop litter.
It is possible that they could introduce non-native species or diseases that could wipe out existing species.
Fuel could be spilt. This would kill molluscs and fish as well as rhe birds that feed on them.

Question 30

Why is Antarctica very vulnerable to damage?

Answer 30

It doesn’t get much sunshine and is cold meaning the land ecosystem is fragile.

Question 31

What does the Antarctic treaty do?

Answer 31

The Antarctic treaty came into force in 1961&47 nations have signed. It protects and conserves the area. In April 2009 the 47 nations agreed to introduce limits on tourism. Only ships fewer than 500 passengers are allowed to land and 100 people are allowed on the shore at any one time.

Question 32

What does the international Association of Antarctica Tour Operators do.

Answer 32

It has a code of conduct, which most of the operators and agreed to follow. The two largest operators don’t follow it.
It says specially protected areas are off limits.
Wildlife must not be disturbed when being observed.
Nothing can be left on shore and smoking has been banned on shore to stop cigarette ends being left.
Tourists on shore must stay with the group which follows a guide so that they don’t enter protected areas or disturb the wildlife.
Don’t go closer than 5 meters to pengines.
Tourists can’t walk on fragile plant life.
Sewage must be biologically treated and other waste stored on the ship.

Question 33

What is ecotourism?

Answer 33

Tourism where the natural environment and indigenous populations are looked after.

Question 34

How does ecotourism work?

Answer 34

It involves conservation. Protecting and managing the environment and stewardship. Taking responsibility for conserving the environment.
It involves local people and organisations so they benefit from the tourists.
It is often small scale with a small number of visitors going as any one time. This keeps the environmental impact low.

Question 35

What are the environmental benefits of ecotourism?

Answer 35

Local people are encouraged to look after the environment as they can only make money from it if it’s in good condition.
It reduces poaching and hunting of endangered species as locals will benefit more if the tourists can see them.
They try to reduce the use of fossil fuels by using renewable energy and local food that hasn’t been transported.
Waste produced by tourists is disposed of carefully to prevent pollution.

Question 36

What are the economic benefits of ecotourism?

Answer 36

It creates jobs for locals. They can be guides or tourist lodgers.
Those not directly employed in tourism make money by selling local crafts to visitors or supplying the tourist industry with goods like food.

Question 37

What are the benefits for local people because of ecotourism?

Answer 37

The jobs in ecotourism are more stable than other ones. Like in farming.
Many ecotourism schemes fund community projects like schools, water tanks or health centers.

Question 38

How does ecotourism help the sustainable development of an area?

Answer 38

Sustainable development means improving the standard of living for people now, without jeopardising it for others in the future.
Ecotourism improves the standard of living as it helps the economy and funds things like schools or healthcare facilities.
The development is sustainable as it doesn’t damage the environment.

Question 39

Explain the Tataquara lodge.

Answer 39

It is in an island in the Xingu river in Para, Brazil.
It is owned and run by six local tribes.
It has 15 rooms and you can do fishing, canoeing, wildlife viewing and forest walks.
The surrounding rain forest houses lots of wildlife like bats and the endangered harpy eagle and giant river otter.

Question 40

What are the environmental benefits of the Tataquara lodge?

Answer 40

It is built from straw and wood that was found on the floor so nothing was cut down. The materials also mean that it blends in with the scenery and doesn’t spoil the view.
Solar power is used to run lights.
The food served is locally produced means less fossil fuels is used moving them.

Question 41

What are the economic benefits of the Tataquara lodge?

Answer 41

It is owned by indigenous tribes so all the money goes to the local economy.
The food is locally produced which helps the economy.

Question 42

How do the local people benefit from the Tataquara lodge?

Answer 42

It created jobs for the local people.
People from nearby villages go to the lodge to sell crafts and perform traditional songs and dances, giving them an income and preserving the culture.
Profits earned from the lodge are used to provide decent healthcare and education for thousands living in the local trides.

Question 43

Why did the number of people going to Blackpool fall?

Answer 43

Weather unpredictable. Air travel has become cheaper and easier meaning people can have nice weather in the med .More interesting than Blackpool.
The culture has changed and so has the market. It has become a place for stag and hen nights so family’s stay away.
Infrastructure needs improving. Area looks run down
From 1990-1999 from the number of visitors fell from 17-11 million.
1000 hotels ceased trading.

Question 44

Why are people attracted to coastal areas for holidays?

Answer 44

The physical factors like good weather. They do activities like swimming, snorkelling , fishing and water skiing. People go to the caribbean or spain for this.

Question 45

Why do people go to mountainous areas?

Answer 45

The beautiful scenery and activities like walking, climbing, skiing and snow boarding. Popular places for this are the alps, the dolomites and the rockies.

Question 46

Why do people go to cities?

Answer 46

They want the culture e.g museums, art galleries.
Entertainment e.g bars, restaurants and theatres.
Shopping. This can be found at London Rome or Paris.

Question 47

Why did people go to Blackpool in the first place?

Answer 47

The pleasure beach. Large theme park with the Pepsi max. Was the largest roller coaster in Europe.
Blackpool tower. Ballroom dancing. The Blackpool tower room can seat 4000 while 1500 dance.
The sandy beach.
Blackpool illuminations.

Question 48

How is Blackpool being rejuvenated?

Answer 48

£300 million spent.
The brilliance light scheme. Encourage people to go into the town centre at night.
Hounds hill shopping centre was redeveloped. Sea defences were putting people off the beach. Spanish steps increase access and still protect.
St John square. New lighting, planting and paving. Wifi and wade scruplture.
Beaches have been cleared up so all three have an EU blue flag.
Old buildings have been pulled down to smarts it up.

Question 49

How effective has the management strategies in black pool been?

Answer 49

Accommodation rates are still at 25%. People say things are the same as there were 20 years ago. Between 2000 and 2005 the number of people visiting the pleasure beach has fallen from 7-6 million.