Toxic Gases and Household products

Question 1

ammonia symptoms

Answer 1

coughing, sneezing, lacrimation, dyspnea (pulm edema), rashes

Question 2

NO symptoms

Answer 2

silofillers disease, bronchiolitis obliterans

Question 3

Mechanism of NO, NH3

Answer 3

• -HNO3 production (H2O plus NO2)–>coats lungs, caustic
• -methemoglobin production
• -pulm edema
• -irritation
• pneumonia, bacteria will grow in new enviro in lungs
• -anything that coats lungs will inhibit gas exhchange

Question 4

treatment of NH3, NO poisoning?

Answer 4

atropne, diuretic, ventilation in 100% O2

Question 5

types of sulfur oxide gases?

Answer 5

SO2, SO3
both from oil, producing by burning sulfur coal
SO3 can produce acid rain, digest tissues
H2SO4 produce, causes irritation

Question 6

sulfur oxide gases symptoms

Answer 6

pulm ed
dyspnea--due tp bronchiocontristion
coughing
salivation
bronchocon.
cyanosis
reddening of mucous membranes
emphysema, fibrosis

Question 7

treatment for SO gases?

Answer 7

ventilation

Question 8

what gases can be found in sewage pits?

Answer 8

H2S, NH3, CO2, CH4

Question 9

hydrogen sulfide major effects?

Answer 9

super tox, 10/10 on tox scale
Irritation– Na2S forms in lungs, alkaline, base burn
Hypoxia–inhibition of cell resp (cytocrhome oxidase)
–binds to Hb
-destroys smelling receptors

Question 10

clincial manifestation in low dose of H2S?

Answer 10

convulsions, irritation, edema

Question 11

treatment for H2S?

Answer 11

O2

Question 12

CO major effect?

Answer 12

carboxyhemoglobin formation

Question 13

clinical manifestations of CO poisoning

Answer 13

muscle weakness
dyspnea
CNS excitation (some species, NOT people)
coma
bright red blood
flu symptoms
NO irritations

Question 14

Bleach clinical manifestations

Answer 14

irritation
pain
inflammation of mouth, esoph, stomach
vomiting, shock
lung--dyspnea or rapid shallow breathing

Question 15

bleach chemical formula?

Answer 15

NaOCl–sodium hypochlorite

Question 16

treatment for bleach?

Answer 16

wash–dermal
antacids, milk of magnesia (not effective, acid formation is instantaneous)
milk, water
thiosulfuate

Question 17

long term effects of Bleach?

Answer 17

pulm fibrosis
esophag. stenosis–constriction, destroy elastic tissue, can’t swallow
burns lead to secondary infection

Question 18

bleach reacts with acid to produce Cl gas and hypochlorous gas–e.g. acid in stomach

Answer 18

ya

Question 19

formaldehyde uses

Answer 19

tissue fixative, antiseptic, fumigant, wood preservative, insulation, off-gassing a concern

Question 20

formaldehyde occupational ceiling?

Answer 20

0.3 ppm

Question 21

formaldehyde odor detection level?

Answer 21

0.5-1 ppm

Question 22

formaldehyde irritation level?

Answer 22

2-3 ppm

Question 23

formaldehyde cancer level?

Answer 23

4-6 ppm, with chronic exposure

Question 24

formaldehyde hypersensitivty level?

Answer 24

0.05 ppm

Question 25

formaldehyde effects?

Answer 25

carcinogen--in nasal/bronch passages-->reacts with water irritant in lungs (coughing), eyes (lacrimation), gut (N, V, D) kdiney--anuria, hematuria immune--hypersensitivty, hapten, asthma slight repro effect

Question 26

what is the active ingredient in mace?

Answer 26

chloroacetophenone--a tear gas and organic solvent

Question 27

mace effects

Answer 27

irritant, caustic; lachrymatory agent (candamage cornea); | high dose: pulm edema and blisters

Question 28

mace treatment?

Answer 28

wash with water--dermal bicarb--skin boric acid--eyes (very dilute)

Question 29

oil toxicokinetics

Answer 29

- lipophilic, rapidly absorbed - rapid metabolism via sulfate glucuronide - NOT persistent

Question 30

toxic mechanism of oil

Answer 30

-irritation -GIT stimulation -marrow suppression (benzene--anemia bc RBC synth'd in marrow) ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA BIG ONE--coat lungs, can't breath; WBC ^, temp ^, body thinks you have infection hypothermia--lose insulin (e.g. feathers) abortion--teratogenic long term--fat sol, EDC cancerous

Question 31

treatment for oil tox

Answer 31

--trying to clean out --activated charcoal --dermal wash --aspirate, get infections--antibiotics DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING--for all volatile ad corrosive compounds

Question 32

phenol the most toxic of all oils

Answer 32

ya

Question 33

phenol kinetics?

Answer 33

metabolism--glucuronide | abs--well absorbed via all routes

Question 34

mech of ac for phenol?

Answer 34

denatures proteins and burns

Question 35

clinical manifestations of phenol poisoning?

Answer 35

``` vom, salivation shock arrhytmia metHb--oxidizing agent kidney--tubular degeneration and necrosis liver--necrosis skin--white blister (burn) ```

Question 36

treatment for phenol

Answer 36

``` no emetics--phenol is corrosive activated charcoal wash skin with detergent n-acetylcysteine, vit E (antioxidants) methylene blue--redox agent ```

Question 37

what are the active ingredients in mothballs

Answer 37

naphthalene, p-dichlorobenzene, campfer--cat repellent, can't metabolize

Question 38

naphthalene clinical manifestations?

Answer 38

``` vom, metHb (ox agent), hemolysis (ox) nephrosis--kidney damage liver damage heinz bodies--blood ox damage black urine ```

Question 39

treatment for naph?

Answer 39

activated charcoal, emetics, fluid (vom), | n-acetylcysteine and vit E bc antioxidants

Question 40

p-dichlorobenzene clinical manifestations?

Answer 40

vom tremors seizures liver and kidney damage

Question 41

treatment for p-dcb?

Answer 41

clear git, fluids (vom), sedation (seizures)

Question 42

matches--active ingredient?

Answer 42

potassium chlorate--ox agent

Question 43

clin manif of KClO4?

Answer 43

CNS depression, GIT upset, hemolysis and metHb

Question 44

treatment for potassium chlorate?

Answer 44

methylene blue; redox reagent, prob doesn't work tho

Question 45

fireworks active ingredients

Answer 45

K nitrate; K chloride; K perchlorate, Na nitrate--cause GIT upset; K perchlorate is ox agent--metHb, hemolysis

Question 46

why can kids not be given aspirin?

Answer 46

causes Reye's syndrome--progressive encephalopathy