Toxic Plants

Question 1

Locoweeds contain the “loco” toxin (____), but also _____ & species that accumulate _____

Answer 1

Swainsonine
Nitrotoxins
High levels of Selenium

Question 2

What signs do Locoweeds cause affected animals to exhibit?

Answer 2

Classical neurological & pathological sign of Locoism

Question 3

Lysosomal strorage dz can be cause by locoweeds. What is it, and what does it cause?

Answer 3

Inhibition of a-mannosidase leading to an ACCUMULATION of Oligosaccharides –> Leads to cell SWELLING & DAMAGE

Question 4

C/S associated w/Locoweeds

Answer 4

Neuro & Repro

• Begin w/depression, dull eyes, incoordination –> Progresses to aberrant behavior (aggression, staggering, solitary behavior, emaciation, & death)
• Can also result in report failure, abortion, birth defects, wt loss

Question 5

Tx of Locoweed tox

Answer 5

If remove source early –> will recover most of their function

Time dependent cell damage

Question 6

Contains nicotine like pyridine alkaloids (confine & y-coniceine most imp

Answer 6

Poison hemlock

Question 7

Contain Piperdine alkaloids (N-methyl ammodendrine & N-acetyl hystrine)

Answer 7

Lupines

Question 8

Contain anabasine

Answer 8

Nicotiana tabacum/glauca

Question 9

C/S poison hemlock, lupines, and nicotiana spp

Answer 9

Effects the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 10

Acute toxicosis poison hemlock, lupines, and nicotiana spp

Answer 10

Frequent urination & defecation 
Tachycardia
Muscle weakness
Muscle fasciculations
Ataxia, collapse
Death due to resp failure
Also teratogenic effects

Question 11

MOA poison hemlock, lupines, and nicotiana spp

Answer 11

–> n-Ach receptors by continuously stimulating leading to down regulation of receptors

Question 12

Condition characterized by (TQ)

• Skeletal CONTRACTURE -type malformation
• Occasional cleft palates in cattle & goats

Answer 12

Crooked Calf Dz

Question 13

What causes Crooked Calf Dz (TQ)

Answer 13

Maternal ingestion of toxins (Lupines) –> may not see C/S in the mother

Question 14

What are the susceptible days for Cleft Palate (CP) and Multiple Congenital Contractors (MCC)

Answer 14

30-50 days CP

50-100 days MCC

Question 15

More toxic than poison hemlock and very toxic to animals & humans

Answer 15

Water hemlock

Question 16

Which are more toxic spring plants or mature plants (water hemlock)

Answer 16

Spring plants more toxic than mature plants

Question 17

MOA for water hemlock vs poison hemlock (TQ)

Answer 17

Water Hemlock: gaba

Poison hemlock: Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

Question 18

MOA water hemlock

Answer 18

Toxin –> Cicutoxin
Interacts w/GABA!!! –> It blocks GABA causing super stimulation of the CNS & acts on the CNS & is thought to block Na & K ion channels

Question 19

How quickly are C/S of water hemlock seen (TQ)

Answer 19

C/S occur w/in 15 min (rapid onset)

Question 20

C/S associated w/ water hemlock (TQ)

Answer 20

• Nervousness, twitching of facial muscles, ataxia, generalized tremors, frequent urination, defecation
• Progresses w/in hours to collapse, seizures
• Death due to resp failure or cardio-pulmonary arrest