TOXICITIES AND SIDE EFFECTS Flashcards by Janna Bastardo

These drugs cause Coronary vasospasm

Cocaine, Amphetamines, Sumatriptan, Ergot alkaloids (CASE)

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causes Cutaneous flushing

Vancomycin, Adenosine, Niacin, Ca2+ channel blockers, Echinocandins, Nitrates (flushed from VANCEN)

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rate-dependent infusion reaction to vancomycin causing widespread pruritic erythema due to histamine release. Manage with diphenhydramine, slower infusion rate.

Red man syndrome

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causes Dilated cardiomyopathy

Anthracyclines (eg, Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin); prevent with Dexrazoxane

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Cause Torsades de pointes

Agents that prolong QT interval: 
antiArrhythmics (class IA, III), antiBiotics (eg, macrolides),
anti“C”ychotics (eg, ziprasidone), 
antiDepressants (eg, TCAs), 
antiEmetics (eg, ondansetron)
(ABCDE)

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Cause Adrenocortical

insufficiency

HPA suppression 2° to glucocorticoid withdrawal

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Causes Diabetes insipidus

Lithium, demeclocycline

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Causes Hot flashes

SERMs (eg, tamoxifen, clomiphene, raloxifene)

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Causes Hyperglycemia

Tacrolimus, Protease inhibitors, Niacin, HCTZ,

Corticosteroids

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cause Hyperprolactinemia

Typical antipsychotics (eg, haloperidol),
atypical antipsychotics (eg, risperidone),
metoclopramide, methyldopa, reserpine

Presents with hypogonadism (eg, infertility, amenorrhea, erectile dysfunction) and
galactorrhea

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cause Hyperthyroidism

Amiodarone, iodine

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cause Hypothyroidism

AMiodarone, SUlfonamides, Lithium

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cause SIADH

Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, SSRIs

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Causes Acute cholestatic

hepatitis, jaundice

Macrolides (eg, erythromycin)

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Cause Diarrhea

Acamprosate,
antidiabetic agents (acarbose, metformin, pramlintide),
colchicine,
cholinesterase inhibitors,
lipid-lowering agents (eg, ezetimibe, orlistat),
macrolides (eg, erythromycin), SSRIs,
chemotherapy (eg, irinotecan)

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cause Focal to massive hepatic necrosis

Halothane, Amanita phalloides (death cap mushroom), Valproic acid, Acetaminophen

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causes Hepatitis

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, statins,

fibrates

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cause Pancreatitis

Didanosine, Corticosteroids, Alcohol, Valproic acid, Azathioprine, Diuretics (eg, furosemide, HCTZ)

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cause Pill-induced esophagitis

Bisphosphonates, ferrous sulfate, NSAIDs, potassium chloride, tetracyclines

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Pseudomembranous colitis

Ampicillin, cephalosporins, clindamycin, fluoroquinolones, PPIs

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drugs that cause Agranulocytosis

Dapsone, Clozapine, Carbamazepine,
Propylthiouracil, Methimazole, Colchicine,
Ganciclovir

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cause Aplastic anemia

Carbamazepine, Methimazole, NSAIDs, Benzene, Chloramphenicol, Propylthiouracil

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Direct Coombs ⊕ hemolytic anemia

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Penicillin, methylDopa, Cephalosporins

drugs that cause Drug reaction with eosinophilia and
systemic symptoms
(DRESS)

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Allopurinol, anticonvulsants, antibiotics, sulfa drugs

Causes Gray baby syndrome

Chloramphenicol

Cause Hemolysis in G6PD | deficiency

Isoniazid, Sulfonamides, Dapsone, Primaquine, | Aspirin, Ibuprofen, Nitrofurantoin

Cause Megaloblastic anemia

Hydroxyurea, Phenytoin, Methotrexate, Sulfa drugs

Cause Thrombocytopenia

Heparin, vancomycin, linezolid, quinidine, | indinavir, ganciclovir, abciximab

cause Thrombotic | complications

Combined oral contraceptives, hormone replacement therapy, SERMs (eg, tamoxifen)

cause Drug-induced lupus

``` Methyldopa, Minocycline, Hydralazine, Isoniazid, Phenytoin, Sulfa drugs, Etanercept, Procainamide ```

Cause Fat redistribution

Protease inhibitors, Glucocorticoids

Drugs that cause Gingival hyperplasia

Cyclosporine, Ca2+ channel blockers, Phenytoin

drugs that cause Hyperuricemia (gout)

``` Pyrazinamide, Thiazides, Furosemide, Niacin, Cyclosporine ```

cause Myopathy

Statins, fibrates, niacin, colchicine, daptomycin, | hydroxychloroquine, interferon-α, penicillamine, glucocorticoids

drugs that cause Osteoporosis

Corticosteroids, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate, GnRH agonists, aromatase inhibitors, anticonvulsants, heparin, PPIs

cause Photosensitivity

Sulfonamides, Amiodarone, Tetracyclines, 5-FU

``` cause Rash (Stevens-Johnson syndrome) ```

Anti-epileptic drugs (especially lamotrigine), allopurinol, sulfa drugs, penicillin

causes Teeth discoloration

Tetracyclines

causes Tendon/cartilage | damage

Fluoroquinolones

causes Cinchonism

Quinidine, quinine Can present with tinnitus, hearing/vision loss, psychosis, and cognitive impairment

Parkinson-like | syndrome

Antipsychotics, Reserpine, Metoclopramide

Peripheral neuropathy

Isoniazid, phenytoin, platinum agents (eg, cisplatin), vincristine

Idiopathic intracranial | hypertension

Growth hormones, tetracyclines, vitamin A

cause Seizures

Isoniazid, Bupropion, Imipenem/cilastatin, | Tramadol, Enflurane

drugs that cause Tardive dyskinesia

Antipsychotics, metoclopramide

drugs that cause Visual disturbance

``` Topiramate (blurred vision/diplopia, haloes), Digoxin (yellow-tinged vision), Isoniazid (optic neuritis), Vigabatrin (bilateral visual field defects), PDE-5 inhibitors (blue-tinged vision), Ethambutol (color vision changes) ```

cause Fanconi syndrome

Cisplatin, ifosfamide, expired tetracyclines, tenofovir

cause Hemorrhagic cystitis

Cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide | Prevent by coadministering with mesna

Interstitial nephritis

``` Remember the 5 P’s Diuretics (Pee), NSAIDs (Pain-free), Penicillins and cephalosporins, PPIs, rifamPin, and sulfa drugs ```

causes Dry cough

ACE inhibitors

drugs that cause Pulmonary fibrosis

``` Methotrexate, Nitrofurantoin, Carmustine, Bleomycin, Busulfan, Amiodarone ```

cause Antimuscarinic effects

Atropine, TCAs, H1-blockers, antipsychotics

Disulfiram-like reaction

``` 1st-generation Sulfonylureas, Procarbazine, certain Cephalosporins, Griseofulvin, Metronidazole ```

cause Nephrotoxicity/ | ototoxicity

Loop diuretics, Aminoglycosides, cisPlatin, | Vancomycin, amphoTERicin B

Drugs that increase pupil size (dilation)

Anticholinergics (eg, atropine, TCAs,tropicamide, scopolamine, antihistamines) Drugs of abuse (eg, amphetamines, cocaine, LSD), meperidine Sympathomimetics

Drugs that decrease pupil size (constrict)

Sympatholytics (eg, α2-agonists) Drugs of abuse (eg, heroin/opioids) Parasympathomimetics (eg, pilocarpine), organophosphates

TOXICITIES AND SIDE EFFECTS Flashcards

(56 cards)